32-letter words containing r, u, n, i
- algebraic specification language — 1. (language) (ASL) 2. (language) (ASF) A language for equational specification of abstract data types.
- alice's adventures in wonderland — a story for children (1865) by Lewis Carroll.
- application control architecture — (programming) (ACA) DEC's implementation of ORB.
- automatische rechenplanfertigung — (language) A programming language published in 1952 by Heinz Rutishauser (1918-70).
- azimuthal equidistant projection — a projection in which the shortest distance between any point and a central point is a straight line, such a line representing a great circle through the central point.
- bolivarian republic of venezuela — a republic in South America, on the Caribbean: colonized by the Spanish in the 16th century; independence from Spain declared in 1811 and won in 1819 after a war led by Simón Bolívar. It contains Lake Maracaibo and the northernmost chains of the Andes in the northwest, the Orinoco basin in the central part, and the Guiana Highlands in the south. Exports: petroleum, iron ore, and coffee. Official language: Spanish. Religion: Roman Catholic majority. Currency: bolívar. Capital: Caracas. Pop: 26 170 000 (2004 est). Area: 912 050 sq km (352 142 sq miles)
- broadcasting standards authority — a New Zealand Crown Entity that develops and upholds standards of broadcasting for radio and television
- chronic traumatic encephalopathy — a progressive degenerative neurological disease caused by repeated cerebral concussion or milder traumatic brain injury and characterized by memory loss, behavioral disturbances, speech problems, slowed movement, etc. The disease was first identified in boxers. Abbreviation: CTE.
- closed-circuit television camera — a television camera transmitting signals to receivers by cables or telephone links forming a closed circuit, as used in security systems, etc
- community of sovereign republics — a political and economic union formed in 1996 by Russia and Belarus
- complex instruction set computer — (CISC) A processor where each instruction can perform several low-level operations such as memory access, arithmetic operations or address calculations. The term was coined in contrast to Reduced Instruction Set Computer. Before the first RISC processors were designed, many computer architects were trying to bridge the "semantic gap" - to design instruction sets to support high-level languages by providing "high-level" instructions such as procedure call and return, loop instructions such as "decrement and branch if non-zero" and complex addressing modes to allow data structure and array accesses to be compiled into single instructions. While these architectures achieved their aim of allowing high-level language constructs to be expressed in fewer instructions, it was observed that they did not always result in improved performance. For example, on one processor it was discovered that it was possible to improve the performance by NOT using the procedure call instruction but using a sequence of simpler instructions instead. Furthermore, the more complex the instruction set, the greater the overhead of decoding an instruction, both in execution time and silicon area. This is particularly true for processors which used microcode to decode the (macro) instruction. It is easier to debug a complex instruction set implemented in microcode than one whose decoding is "hard-wired" in silicon. Examples of CISC processors are the Motorola 680x0 family and the Intel 80186 through Intel 486 and Pentium.
- computer generation incorporated — (company) (CGI) A US software development company and systems integrator. E-mail: Paul G. Smith <[email protected]> Telephone: +1 (404) 705 2800 Address: Bldg. G, 4th Floor, 5775 Peachtree-Dunwoody Rd., Atlanta, GA 30342, USA.
- conservation of angular momentum — the principle that the total angular momentum of a system has constant magnitude and direction if the system is subjected to no external force.
- cumulative distribution function — a function defined on the sample space of a distribution and taking as its value at each point the probability that the random variable has that value or less. The function F(x) = P(X≤x) where X is the random variable, which is the sum or integral of the probability density function of the distribution
- customer relationship management — the practice of building a strong relationship between a business and its customers and potential customers
- democratic-republic-of-the-congo — People's Republic of the, a republic in central Africa, W of the Democratic Republic of the Congo: formerly an overseas territory in French Equatorial Africa; now an independent member of the French Community. 132,046 sq. mi. (341,999 sq. km). Capital: Brazzaville. Formerly French Congo, Middle Congo.
- electronic funds transfer system — electronic funds transfer
- electronics industry association — (body, standard) (EIA) A body which publishes "Recommended Standards" (RS) for physical devices and their means of interfacing. EIA-232 is their standard that defines a computer's serial port, connector pin-outs, and electrical signaling.
- eli compiler construction system — (tool) A compiler generation package which integrates off-the-shelf tools and libraries with specialised language processors to generate complete compilers quickly and reliably. It simplifies the development of new special-purpose languages, implementation of existing languages on new hardware and extension of the constructs and features of existing languages. It runs on Sun-4 SunOS 4, 5, Ultrix/MIPS, RS/6000, HP-UX, SGI, Linux. Mailing list: <[email protected]>. E-mail: <[email protected]>, Developers <[email protected]>, Users <[email protected]>.
- everythng/anything under the sun — Everything under the sun means a very great number of things. Anything under the sun means anything at all.
- fiber distributed data interface — (FDDI) A 100 Mbit/s ANSI standard local area network architecture, defined in X3T9.5. The underlying medium is optical fibre (though it can be copper cable, in which case it may be called CDDI) and the topology is a dual-attached, counter-rotating token ring. FDDI rings are normally constructed in the form of a "dual ring of trees". A small number of devices, typically infrastructure devices such as routers and concentrators rather than host computers, are connected to both rings - these are referred to as "dual-attached". Host computers are then connected as single-attached devices to the routers or concentrators. The dual ring in its most degenerate form is simply collapsed into a single device. In any case, the whole dual ring is typically contained within a computer room. This network topology is required because the dual ring actually passes through each connected device and requires each such device to remain continuously operational (the standard actually allows for optical bypasses but these are considered to be unreliable and error-prone). Devices such as workstations and minicomputers that may not be under the control of the network managers are not suitable for connection to the dual ring. As an alternative to a dual-attached connection, the same degree of resilience is available to a workstation through a dual-homed connection which is made simultaneously to two separate devices in the same FDDI ring. One of the connections becomes active while the other one is automatically blocked. If the first connection fails, the backup link takes over with no perceptible delay.
- frighten the life/wits out of sb — If something frightens the life out of you, frightens the wits out of you, or frightens you out of your wits, it causes you to feel suddenly afraid or gives you a very unpleasant shock.
- general purpose graphic language — ["A General Purpose Graphic Language", H.E. Kulsrud, CACM 11(4) (Apr 1968)].
- get out of bed on the wrong side — to be ill-tempered from the start of the day
- got out of bed on the wrong side — If you say that someone got out of bed on the wrong side, you mean that they have been bad-tempered ever since they woke up that morning.
- government accountability office — (in the US) a federal agency that ensures that the executive is accountable to Congress, and that the government as a whole is accountable to the country, esp in the way that taxes are spent
- guangxi zhuang autonomous region — an administrative division in S China. 85,096 sq. mi. (220,399 sq. km). Capital: Nanning.
- heisenberg uncertainty principle — uncertainty principle.
- hit/come up against a brick wall — If you hit a brick wall or come up against a brick wall, you are unable to continue or make progress because something stops you.
- in a good cause/for a good cause — If you say that something is in a good cause or for a good cause, you mean that it is worth doing or giving to because it will help other people, for example by raising money for charity.
- indiana dunes national lakeshore — a shore area in N Indiana, on Lake Michigan: established in 1966 for recreation and conservation purposes; comprising shoreline, dunes, bogs, and forests. 14 sq. mi. (36 sq. km).
- international algebraic language — ALGOL 58
- internet research steering group — (body, standard) (IRSG) The "governing body" of the Internet Research Task Force.
- irvine research unit in software — (body) (IRUS) The University of California, Irvine.
- joint photographic experts group — (image, body, file format, standard) (JPEG) The original name of the committee that designed the standard image compression algorithm. JPEG is designed for compressing either full-colour or grey-scale digital images of "natural", real-world scenes. It does not work so well on non-realistic images, such as cartoons or line drawings. JPEG does not handle compression of black-and-white (1 bit-per-pixel) images or moving pictures. Standards for compressing those types of images are being worked on by other committees, named JBIG and MPEG. See also PJPEG.
- junction field effect transistor — (electronics) (JFET, Junction FET) A Field Effect Transistor in which the conducting channel lies between pn junctions in the silicon material. A pn junction acts as a diode, so it becomes conductive if the gate voltage gets reversed.
- knights of st. john of jerusalem — a member of the religious and military order (Knights Hospitalers or Knights of St. John of Jerusalem) originating about the time of the first Crusade (1096–99) and taking its name from a hospital at Jerusalem.
- lymphadenopathy-associated virus — See under AIDS virus. Abbreviation: LAV.
- manager of business applications — (job) A person who plans and oversees multiple projects and project managers. He works with the CIO and senior management to determine systems development strategy and standards. He administers the department budget and reviews project managers.
- manufacturers' recommended price — the retail price that a manufacturer recommends for selling their product
- mount rushmore national memorial — Mount, a peak in the Black Hills of South Dakota that is a memorial (Mount Rushmore National Memorial) having 60-foot (18-meter) busts of Washington, Jefferson, Lincoln, and Theodore Roosevelt, carved into its face between 1927 and 1941, from a design by and under the direction of Gutzon Borglum. 5600 feet (1707 meters).
- national industrial recovery act — an act of Congress (1933, declared unconstitutional in 1936) that enabled the president and the National Recovery Administration to formulate and execute measures for reducing industrial unemployment. Abbreviation: NIRA, N.I.R.A.
- national insurance contributions — the payments someone makes towards their national insurance, usually taken from their salary by their employer before the salary is paid to the person
- null-terminated multibyte string — (programming) (NTMBS) (Defined in the ANSI C++ draft)
- on pain of sth/under pain of sth — If someone is ordered not to do something on pain of or under pain of death, imprisonment, or arrest, they will be killed, put in prison, or arrested if they do it.
- open document interchange format — (standard) (ODIF) Part of the ODA standard.
- password authentication protocol — (networking) (PAP) An authentication scheme used by PPP servers to validate the identity of the originator of the connection. PAP applies a two-way handshaking procedure. After the link is established the originator sends an id-password pair to the server. If authentication succeeds the server sends back an acknowledgement; otherwise it either terminates the connection or gives the originator another chance. PAP is not a strong authentication method. Passwords are sent over the circuit "in the clear" and there is no protection against playback or repeated "trial and error" attacks. The originator is in total control of the frequency and timing of the attempts. Therefore, any server that can use a stronger authentication method, such as CHAP, will offer to negotiate that method prior to PAP. The use of PAP is appropriate, however, if a plaintext password must be available to simulate a login at a remote host. PAP is defined in RFC 1334.
- plesiochronous digital hierarchy — (communications) (PDH) A transmission system for voice communication using plesiochronous synchronisation. PDH is the conventional multiplexing technology for network transmission systems. The transmitter adds dummy information bits to allow multiple channels to be bit interleaved. The receiver discards these bits once the signals have been demultiplexed. PDH combines multiple 2 Mb/s (E1) channels in Europe and 1.544 Mb/s (DS1) channels in the US and Japan. PDH is being replaced by SONET and other SDH (Synchronous Digital Hierarchy) schemes.
- probability of failure on demand — (systems) (POFOD) The likelihood that some system will fail when a service request is made.
- professional liability insurance — Professional liability insurance is insurance for a company or a professional person against claims or financial losses that may occur as a result of their negligence.
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