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16-letter words containing p, o, s, c

  • high-compression — of a modern type of internal-combustion engine designed so that the fuel mixture is compressed into a smaller cylinder space, resulting in more pressure on the pistons and more power
  • hispano-american — Spanish.
  • hold one's peace — the normal, nonwarring condition of a nation, group of nations, or the world.
  • hospital corners — a fold on a bed sheet or blanket made by tucking the foot or head of the sheet straight under the mattress with the ends protruding and then making a diagonal fold at the side corner of the sheet and tucking this under to produce a triangular corner.
  • hospital service — the whole organization of government funded hospitals, their staff, and the services they provide
  • hubble telescope — a telescope launched into orbit around the earth in 1990 to provide information about the universe in the visible, infrared, and ultraviolet ranges
  • hydrophyllaceous — belonging to the Hydrophyllaceae, the waterleaf family of plants.
  • hypercorrections — Plural form of hypercorrection.
  • hypercorrectness — The state or condition of being hypercorrect.
  • hypnagogic state — the drowsy period between wakefulness and sleep, during which fantasies and hallucinations often occur.
  • hypocoristically — In a hypocoristic manner.
  • hyponitrous acid — an unstable, crystalline acid, H 2 N 2 O 2 .
  • hypophysectomies — Plural form of hypophysectomy.
  • hypostatic union — (In Cristianity) Christ's condition of being, at the same time, both human and divine
  • ichthyophthirius — ich.
  • image processing — (graphics)   Computer manipulation of images. Some of the many algorithms used in image processing include convolution (on which many others are based), FFT, DCT, thinning (or skeletonisation), edge detection and contrast enhancement. These are usually implemented in software but may also use special purpose hardware for speed. Image processing contrasts with computer graphics, which is usually more concerned with the generation of artificial images, and visualisation, which attempts to understand (real-world) data by displaying it as an artificial image (e.g. a graph). Image processing is used in image recognition and computer vision. See also Pilot European Image Processing Archive.
  • immunocompromise — (medicine) The state of having a compromised immune system.
  • impact extrusion — an extrusion process in which a slug of cold metal in a shallow die cavity is formed by the action of a rapidly moving punch that forces the metal through the die or back around the punch.
  • import surcharge — a tax imposed on all imported goods, adding to any established tariffs
  • in lockstep with — progressing at exactly the same speed and in the same direction as other people or things, esp as a matter of course rather than by choice
  • in loco parentis — in the place or role of a parent.
  • in plain clothes — not wearing a uniform
  • inauspiciousness — The state, quality, or condition of being inauspicious or unpropitious; unfavorableness.
  • incomprehensible — impossible to understand or comprehend; unintelligible.
  • incomprehensibly — impossible to understand or comprehend; unintelligible.
  • incorrespondence — Lack of correspondence; failure to correspond or match up; disagreement; disproportion.
  • insurance policy — contract that insures sth
  • inter-comparison — the act of comparing.
  • intracytoplasmic — Located in the cytoplasm of a cell.
  • introspectionist — observation or examination of one's own mental and emotional state, mental processes, etc.; the act of looking within oneself.
  • intussusceptions — Plural form of intussusception.
  • isophthalic acid — a colorless, crystalline, slightly water-soluble solid, C 8 H 6 O 2 , the meta isomer of phthalic acid: used chiefly in the manufacture of resins and plasticizers.
  • isoplastic graft — syngraft.
  • josephson effect — a high-speed switch, used in experimental computers, that operates on the basis of a radiative phenomenon (Jo·sephson effect) exhibited by a pair of superconductors separated by a thin insulator.
  • kaposi's sarcoma — a form of skin cancer found in Africans and more recently in victims of AIDS
  • keep one's place — a particular portion of space, whether of definite or indefinite extent.
  • kepler telescope — astronomical telescope.
  • kidney corpuscle — Malpighian corpuscle.
  • knapsack problem — the problem of determining which numbers from a given collection of numbers have been added together to yield a specific sum: used in cryptography to encipher (and sometimes decipher) messages.
  • know one's place — a particular portion of space, whether of definite or indefinite extent.
  • laparoscopically — By means of laparoscopy.
  • lapsang souchong — a large-leafed variety of China tea with a slightly smoky flavour
  • league champions — the team that has come top of the league
  • learning process — a process of learning
  • level descriptor — one of a set of criteria used to assess the performance of a pupil in a particular subject
  • lick one's chops — Usually, chops. the jaw.
  • light microscope — microscope (def 1).
  • line composition — type produced on a linecaster
  • lost-wax process — a process of investment casting in which a refractory mold is built up around a pattern of wax and then baked so as to melt and drain off the wax.
  • lz77 compression — The first algorithm to use the Lempel-Ziv substitutional compression schemes, proposed in 1977. LZ77 compression keeps track of the last n bytes of data seen, and when a phrase is encountered that has already been seen, it outputs a pair of values corresponding to the position of the phrase in the previously-seen buffer of data, and the length of the phrase. In effect the compressor moves a fixed-size "window" over the data (generally referred to as a "sliding window"), with the position part of the (position, length) pair referring to the position of the phrase within the window. The most commonly used algorithms are derived from the LZSS scheme described by James Storer and Thomas Szymanski in 1982. In this the compressor maintains a window of size N bytes and a "lookahead buffer", the contents of which it tries to find a match for in the window: while (lookAheadBuffer not empty) { get a pointer (position, match) to the longest match in the window for the lookahead buffer; if (length > MINIMUM_MATCH_LENGTH) { output a (position, length) pair; shift the window length characters along; } else { output the first character in the lookahead buffer; shift the window 1 character along; } } Decompression is simple and fast: whenever a (POSITION, LENGTH) pair is encountered, go to that POSITION in the window and copy LENGTH bytes to the output. Sliding-window-based schemes can be simplified by numbering the input text characters mod N, in effect creating a circular buffer. The sliding window approach automatically creates the LRU effect which must be done explicitly in LZ78 schemes. Variants of this method apply additional compression to the output of the LZSS compressor, which include a simple variable-length code (LZB), dynamic Huffman coding (LZH), and Shannon-Fano coding (ZIP 1.x), all of which result in a certain degree of improvement over the basic scheme, especially when the data are rather random and the LZSS compressor has little effect. An algorithm was developed which combines the ideas behind LZ77 and LZ78 to produce a hybrid called LZFG. LZFG uses the standard sliding window, but stores the data in a modified trie data structure and produces as output the position of the text in the trie. Since LZFG only inserts complete *phrases* into the dictionary, it should run faster than other LZ77-based compressors. All popular archivers (arj, lha, zip, zoo) are variations on LZ77.
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