16-letter words containing m, o, r, p
- hyperandrogenism — (medicine) An abnormally high production of androgens.
- hypercompetitive — Extremely competitive.
- hyperlipoidaemia — Alt form hyperlipoidemia.
- hyperstimulation — to rouse to action or effort, as by encouragement or pressure; spur on; incite: to stimulate his interest in mathematics.
- hyperthermophile — (biology) An organism that lives and thrives in an extremely hot environment, such as a deep sea smoker vent; often a member of the Archaea.
- hypervitaminosis — an abnormal condition caused by an excessive intake of vitamins.
- ice-cream parlor — an establishment serving ice cream, sodas, etc., from a soda fountain.
- image processing — (graphics) Computer manipulation of images. Some of the many algorithms used in image processing include convolution (on which many others are based), FFT, DCT, thinning (or skeletonisation), edge detection and contrast enhancement. These are usually implemented in software but may also use special purpose hardware for speed. Image processing contrasts with computer graphics, which is usually more concerned with the generation of artificial images, and visualisation, which attempts to understand (real-world) data by displaying it as an artificial image (e.g. a graph). Image processing is used in image recognition and computer vision. See also Pilot European Image Processing Archive.
- imago europe plc — A UK Internet provider. There sevice is called Imago On-line. E-mail: <[email protected]>.
- immunocompromise — (medicine) The state of having a compromised immune system.
- immunodepressant — preventing or diminishing the immune response
- immunosuppressed — the inhibition of the normal immune response because of disease, the administration of drugs, or surgery.
- immunosuppressor — (pharmacology) An immunosuppressive agent.
- impact extrusion — an extrusion process in which a slug of cold metal in a shallow die cavity is formed by the action of a rapidly moving punch that forces the metal through the die or back around the punch.
- imperfect flower — a unisexual flower with only stamens or only pistils
- import surcharge — a tax imposed on all imported goods, adding to any established tariffs
- in/into a temper — If someone is in a temper or gets into a temper, the way that they are behaving shows that they are feeling angry and impatient.
- incomprehensible — impossible to understand or comprehend; unintelligible.
- incomprehensibly — impossible to understand or comprehend; unintelligible.
- information pack — a set of leaflets giving information about something
- inmos transputer — transputer
- inter-comparison — the act of comparing.
- interappointment — Between appointments.
- interior mapping — an open map.
- intracytoplasmic — Located in the cytoplasm of a cell.
- james oglethorpe — James Edward, 1696–1785, British general: founder of the colony of Georgia.
- kaposi's sarcoma — a form of skin cancer found in Africans and more recently in victims of AIDS
- kleptoparasitism — The parasitic theft of captured prey, nest material, etc. from animals of the same or another species.
- knapsack problem — the problem of determining which numbers from a given collection of numbers have been added together to yield a specific sum: used in cryptography to encipher (and sometimes decipher) messages.
- land-poor farmer — a farmer who owns much unprofitable land and lacks the money to maintain its fertility or improve it
- law of parsimony — a principle according to which an explanation of a thing or event is made with the fewest possible assumptions.
- light microscope — microscope (def 1).
- lymphangiography — x-ray visualization of lymph vessels and nodes following injection of a contrast medium.
- lz77 compression — The first algorithm to use the Lempel-Ziv substitutional compression schemes, proposed in 1977. LZ77 compression keeps track of the last n bytes of data seen, and when a phrase is encountered that has already been seen, it outputs a pair of values corresponding to the position of the phrase in the previously-seen buffer of data, and the length of the phrase. In effect the compressor moves a fixed-size "window" over the data (generally referred to as a "sliding window"), with the position part of the (position, length) pair referring to the position of the phrase within the window. The most commonly used algorithms are derived from the LZSS scheme described by James Storer and Thomas Szymanski in 1982. In this the compressor maintains a window of size N bytes and a "lookahead buffer", the contents of which it tries to find a match for in the window: while (lookAheadBuffer not empty) { get a pointer (position, match) to the longest match in the window for the lookahead buffer; if (length > MINIMUM_MATCH_LENGTH) { output a (position, length) pair; shift the window length characters along; } else { output the first character in the lookahead buffer; shift the window 1 character along; } } Decompression is simple and fast: whenever a (POSITION, LENGTH) pair is encountered, go to that POSITION in the window and copy LENGTH bytes to the output. Sliding-window-based schemes can be simplified by numbering the input text characters mod N, in effect creating a circular buffer. The sliding window approach automatically creates the LRU effect which must be done explicitly in LZ78 schemes. Variants of this method apply additional compression to the output of the LZSS compressor, which include a simple variable-length code (LZB), dynamic Huffman coding (LZH), and Shannon-Fano coding (ZIP 1.x), all of which result in a certain degree of improvement over the basic scheme, especially when the data are rather random and the LZSS compressor has little effect. An algorithm was developed which combines the ideas behind LZ77 and LZ78 to produce a hybrid called LZFG. LZFG uses the standard sliding window, but stores the data in a modified trie data structure and produces as output the position of the text in the trie. Since LZFG only inserts complete *phrases* into the dictionary, it should run faster than other LZ77-based compressors. All popular archivers (arj, lha, zip, zoo) are variations on LZ77.
- lz78 compression — A substitutional compression scheme which works by entering phrases into a dictionary and then, when a reoccurrence of that particular phrase is found, outputting the dictionary index instead of the phrase. Several algorithms are based on this principle, differing mainly in the manner in which they manage the dictionary. The most well-known Lempel-Ziv scheme is Terry Welch's Lempel-Ziv Welch variant of LZ78.
- macapagal arroyo — Gloria
- machine operator — someone who operates mechanical equipment
- macpherson strut — an automobile suspension-system component that consists of a strut combined with a spring and shock absorber and connects the wheel to the frame of the vehicle.
- macrolepidoptera — a collector's name for that part of the lepidoptera that comprises the butterflies and the larger moths (noctuids, geometrids, bombycids, springtails, etc): a term without taxonomic significance
- macrophotography — Photography that is done up close; close-up photography.
- magnetoreceptors — Plural form of magnetoreceptor.
- majority opinion — an opinion in a case that is shared by more than half of the members of a court
- make a pitch for — to give verbal support to
- malapportionment — (of a state or other political unit) poorly apportioned, especially divided, organized, or structured in a manner that prevents large sections of a population from having equitable representation in a legislative body.
- malchus-porphyry — (Malchus) a.d. c233–c304, Greek philosopher.
- mallowpuff māori — a Māori who is considered to behave like a white person
- mammographically — Using a mammograph, by means of mammograph.
- man booker prize — an annual prize for a work of Commonwealth or Irish fiction of £50,000, awarded as the Booker Prize from 1969–2002
- mangrove snapper — gray snapper.
- manic depression — bipolar disorder.