23-letter words containing t, r, o, p
- virtual private network — (networking, security) (VPN) The use of encryption in the lower protocol layers to provide a secure connection through an otherwise insecure network, typically the Internet. VPNs are generally cheaper than real private networks using private lines but rely on having the same encryption system at both ends. The encryption may be performed by firewall software or possibly by routers. Link-level (layer 2 and 3) encryption provides extra protection by encrypting all of each datagram except the link-level information. This prevents a listener from obtaining information about network structure. While link-level encryption prevents traffic analysis (a form of attack), it must encrypt/decrypt on every hop and every path. Protocol-level encryption (layer 3 and 4) encryption encrypts protocol data but leaves protocol and link headers clear. While protocol-level encryption requires you to encrypt/decrypt data only once, and it encrypts/decrypts only those sessions that need it, headers are sent as clear text, allowing traffic analysis. Application (layer 5 up) encryption is based on a particular application and requires that the application be modified to incorporate encryption.
- volumetric displacement — the volume of air per revolution that passes through a mechanical pump when the pressure at the intake and the exhaust is the same as that of the atmosphere
- voyageurs national park — a national park in N Minnesota. 343 sq. mi. (888 sq. km).
- when the chips are down — a small, slender piece, as of wood, separated by chopping, cutting, or breaking.
- white-coat hypertension — the phenomenon of having elevated blood pressure only during a medical consultation
- wind cave national park — a national park in SW South Dakota. 41½ sq. mi. (107 sq. km).
- wordperfect corporation — (company) The original developers of the WordPerfect word processor and a variety of other applications for personal computers. WordPerfect was founded in Provo, Utah, USA in 1979 by Alan Ashton and Bruce Bastion as "Satellite Software International". The company name was changed to Wordperfect Corporation in 1986. The company was bought by Novell, Inc. in 1994, who then sold it to Corel Corporation in 1996.