16-letter words containing s, m, i, r
- informed consent — a patient's consent to a medical or surgical procedure or to participation in a clinical study after being properly advised of the relevant medical facts and the risks involved.
- inharmoniousness — The quality of being inharmonious.
- inmos transputer — transputer
- instrument panel — Also called instrument board. a panel on which are mounted an array of dials, lights, and gauges that monitor the performance of a machine or device, as an airplane.
- instrumentalists — Plural form of instrumentalist.
- insurance scheme — a scheme that provides insurance
- inter-comparison — the act of comparing.
- interculturalism — The philosophy of exchanges between cultural groups within a society.
- interdimensional — Between dimensions.
- interest payment — a payment of interest on a loan or mortgage
- interhemispheric — of, relating to, or between hemispheres, as of the earth: interhemispheric cooperation.
- interim accounts — accounts published in the course of the financial year
- intermediateness — The condition of being intermediate.
- interminableness — The state or condition of being interminable.
- interministerial — pertaining to the ministry of religion, or to a minister or other member of the clergy.
- intermissionless — (US) Without an intermission; without a pause between acts in the performance of a play or in a film on television.
- internationalism — the principle of cooperation among nations, for the promotion of their common good, sometimes as contrasted with nationalism, or devotion to the interests of a particular nation.
- intertestamental — of or relating to the period between the close of the Old Testament and the beginning of the New Testament.
- intracytoplasmic — Located in the cytoplasm of a cell.
- intradermal test — a test for immunity or allergy to a particular antigen by observing the local reaction following injection of a small amount of the antigen into the skin.
- investment grant — a direct subsidy made by a government to a business in order to enable it to make further investment
- investment trust — a company that invests its funds in other companies and issues its own securities against these investments.
- irremediableness — The state or quality of being irremediable.
- kamerlingh onnes — Heike [hahy-kuh] /ˈhaɪ kə/ (Show IPA), 1853–1926, Dutch physicist: Nobel Prize 1913.
- kamerlingh-onnes — Heike (ˈhaɪkə). 1853–1926, Dutch physicist: a pioneer of the physics of low-temperature materials and discoverer (1911) of superconductivity. Nobel prize for physics 1913
- kaposi's sarcoma — a form of skin cancer found in Africans and more recently in victims of AIDS
- karelian isthmus — a narrow strip of land between Lake Ladoga and the Gulf of Finland, in the NW Russian Federation.
- keyman insurance — life insurance taken out by a business firm on an essential or very important employee, with the firm as beneficiary.
- king's messenger — a person whose job is to deliver the King's messages and to bring messages to him
- kingdom of arles — a kingdom in SE France which had dissolved by 1378: known as the Kingdom of Burgundy until about 1200
- kleptoparasitism — The parasitic theft of captured prey, nest material, etc. from animals of the same or another species.
- lachryma christi — a table wine produced from grapes grown near Vesuvius, in Italy.
- lateral meristem — meristem located along the sides of a part, as a stem or root.
- latissimus dorsi — a broad, flat muscle on each side of the midback, the action of which draws the arm backward and downward and rotates the front of the arm toward the body.
- law of parsimony — a principle according to which an explanation of a thing or event is made with the fewest possible assumptions.
- learner's permit — A learner's permit is a license that allows you to drive a vehicle before you have passed your driving test.
- light microscope — microscope (def 1).
- lines per minute — (unit) (lpm) A unit used to measure line printer throughput.
- lithium stearate — a white, crystalline, slightly water-soluble powder, LiC 18 H 35 O 2 , used chiefly in cosmetics, in plastics, and as a lubricant in powder metallurgy.
- lumberjack shirt — a thick checked shirt, as worn by lumberjacks
- lz77 compression — The first algorithm to use the Lempel-Ziv substitutional compression schemes, proposed in 1977. LZ77 compression keeps track of the last n bytes of data seen, and when a phrase is encountered that has already been seen, it outputs a pair of values corresponding to the position of the phrase in the previously-seen buffer of data, and the length of the phrase. In effect the compressor moves a fixed-size "window" over the data (generally referred to as a "sliding window"), with the position part of the (position, length) pair referring to the position of the phrase within the window. The most commonly used algorithms are derived from the LZSS scheme described by James Storer and Thomas Szymanski in 1982. In this the compressor maintains a window of size N bytes and a "lookahead buffer", the contents of which it tries to find a match for in the window: while (lookAheadBuffer not empty) { get a pointer (position, match) to the longest match in the window for the lookahead buffer; if (length > MINIMUM_MATCH_LENGTH) { output a (position, length) pair; shift the window length characters along; } else { output the first character in the lookahead buffer; shift the window 1 character along; } } Decompression is simple and fast: whenever a (POSITION, LENGTH) pair is encountered, go to that POSITION in the window and copy LENGTH bytes to the output. Sliding-window-based schemes can be simplified by numbering the input text characters mod N, in effect creating a circular buffer. The sliding window approach automatically creates the LRU effect which must be done explicitly in LZ78 schemes. Variants of this method apply additional compression to the output of the LZSS compressor, which include a simple variable-length code (LZB), dynamic Huffman coding (LZH), and Shannon-Fano coding (ZIP 1.x), all of which result in a certain degree of improvement over the basic scheme, especially when the data are rather random and the LZSS compressor has little effect. An algorithm was developed which combines the ideas behind LZ77 and LZ78 to produce a hybrid called LZFG. LZFG uses the standard sliding window, but stores the data in a modified trie data structure and produces as output the position of the text in the trie. Since LZFG only inserts complete *phrases* into the dictionary, it should run faster than other LZ77-based compressors. All popular archivers (arj, lha, zip, zoo) are variations on LZ77.
- lz78 compression — A substitutional compression scheme which works by entering phrases into a dictionary and then, when a reoccurrence of that particular phrase is found, outputting the dictionary index instead of the phrase. Several algorithms are based on this principle, differing mainly in the manner in which they manage the dictionary. The most well-known Lempel-Ziv scheme is Terry Welch's Lempel-Ziv Welch variant of LZ78.
- mach's principle — the proposition that there is no absolute space and that the inertia and acceleration of a body are determined by all of the matter of the universe.
- maclaurin series — a Taylor series in which the reference point is zero.
- macro-linguistic — a field of study concerned with language in its broadest sense and including cultural and behavioral features associated with language.
- macroinstruction — macro (def 5).
- macrolinguistics — a field of study concerned with language in its broadest sense and including cultural and behavioral features associated with language.
- macrorestriction — In physical gene mapping, the digestion of DNA of high molecular weight with a restriction enzyme having a low number of restriction sites.
- magnesiochromite — (mineral) A chromite species with the formula MgCr2O4.
- magnetic pyrites — Mineralogy. pyrrhotite.