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16-letter words containing s, i, m, l, n

  • lines per minute — (unit)   (lpm) A unit used to measure line printer throughput.
  • long time no see — I haven't seen you for a long time
  • long-tail claims — Long-tail claims are claims that are made or settled a long time after the insurance policy has expired.
  • luminosity class — a classification of stars of a given spectral type according to their luminosity, breaking them down into dwarfs, giants, and supergiants.
  • lymphangiectasia — (medicine) dilation of the lymphatic vessels.
  • lymphangiectasis — Alt form lymphangiectasia.
  • lz77 compression — The first algorithm to use the Lempel-Ziv substitutional compression schemes, proposed in 1977. LZ77 compression keeps track of the last n bytes of data seen, and when a phrase is encountered that has already been seen, it outputs a pair of values corresponding to the position of the phrase in the previously-seen buffer of data, and the length of the phrase. In effect the compressor moves a fixed-size "window" over the data (generally referred to as a "sliding window"), with the position part of the (position, length) pair referring to the position of the phrase within the window. The most commonly used algorithms are derived from the LZSS scheme described by James Storer and Thomas Szymanski in 1982. In this the compressor maintains a window of size N bytes and a "lookahead buffer", the contents of which it tries to find a match for in the window: while (lookAheadBuffer not empty) { get a pointer (position, match) to the longest match in the window for the lookahead buffer; if (length > MINIMUM_MATCH_LENGTH) { output a (position, length) pair; shift the window length characters along; } else { output the first character in the lookahead buffer; shift the window 1 character along; } } Decompression is simple and fast: whenever a (POSITION, LENGTH) pair is encountered, go to that POSITION in the window and copy LENGTH bytes to the output. Sliding-window-based schemes can be simplified by numbering the input text characters mod N, in effect creating a circular buffer. The sliding window approach automatically creates the LRU effect which must be done explicitly in LZ78 schemes. Variants of this method apply additional compression to the output of the LZSS compressor, which include a simple variable-length code (LZB), dynamic Huffman coding (LZH), and Shannon-Fano coding (ZIP 1.x), all of which result in a certain degree of improvement over the basic scheme, especially when the data are rather random and the LZSS compressor has little effect. An algorithm was developed which combines the ideas behind LZ77 and LZ78 to produce a hybrid called LZFG. LZFG uses the standard sliding window, but stores the data in a modified trie data structure and produces as output the position of the text in the trie. Since LZFG only inserts complete *phrases* into the dictionary, it should run faster than other LZ77-based compressors. All popular archivers (arj, lha, zip, zoo) are variations on LZ77.
  • lz78 compression — A substitutional compression scheme which works by entering phrases into a dictionary and then, when a reoccurrence of that particular phrase is found, outputting the dictionary index instead of the phrase. Several algorithms are based on this principle, differing mainly in the manner in which they manage the dictionary. The most well-known Lempel-Ziv scheme is Terry Welch's Lempel-Ziv Welch variant of LZ78.
  • mach's principle — the proposition that there is no absolute space and that the inertia and acceleration of a body are determined by all of the matter of the universe.
  • machiavellianism — of, like, or befitting Machiavelli.
  • machine washable — suitable for washing in a washing machine
  • maclaurin series — a Taylor series in which the reference point is zero.
  • macro-linguistic — a field of study concerned with language in its broadest sense and including cultural and behavioral features associated with language.
  • macrolinguistics — a field of study concerned with language in its broadest sense and including cultural and behavioral features associated with language.
  • magnifying glass — a lens that produces an enlarged image of an object.
  • managerial staff — staff in positions of management
  • manganese violet — a moderate to strong purple color.
  • manipulativeness — Quality of being manipulative.
  • marginal costing — a method of cost accounting and decision making used for internal reporting in which only marginal costs are charged to cost units and fixed costs are treated as a lump sum
  • marine biologist — scientist who studies sea life
  • marriage license — permit to marry
  • marsh cinquefoil — a variety of cinquefoil, Potentilla palustris, that grows in marshy areas
  • marshall islands — a republic, consisting of a group of 34 coral islands in the W central Pacific: formerly part of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands (1947–87); status of free association with the US from 1986; consists of two parallel chains, Ralik and Ratak. Official languages: Marshallese and English. Religion: Roman Catholic majority. Currency: US dollar. Capital: Delap-Uliga-Djarrit, on Majuro atoll. Pop: 69 747 (2013 est). Area: (land) 181 sq km (70 sq miles); (lagoon) 11 655 sq km (4500 sq miles)
  • marshalling yard — a place or depot where railway wagons are shunted and made up into trains and where engines, carriages, etc, are kept when not in use
  • marsupialization — (surgery) The surgical technique of cutting a slit into a cyst and suturing its edges to form a continuous surface from the exterior to the interior of the cyst, allowing it to drain freely.
  • marxism-leninism — the modification of Marxism by Lenin stressing that imperialism is the highest form of capitalism
  • masculine ending — a final inflection or suffix designating that a word belongs to the masculine gender.
  • mason-dixon line — the boundary between Pennsylvania and Maryland, partly surveyed by Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon between 1763 and 1767, popularly considered before the end of slavery as a line of demarcation between free and slave states.
  • matthew flinders — Matthew, 1774–1814, English navigator and explorer: surveyed coast of Australia.
  • maximilien sully — Maximilien de Béthune [mak-see-mee-lyan duh bey-tyn] /mak si miˈlyɛ̃ də beɪˈtün/ (Show IPA), Duc de, 1560–1641, French statesman.
  • medieval cornish — the Cornish language of the Middle Ages, usually dated from the 14th century to 1600.
  • menstrual period — the bleeding from the womb that occurs approximately monthly in nonpregnant women of reproductive age
  • mercator sailing — sailing according to rhumb lines, which appear as straight lines on a Mercator chart.
  • mexican hairless — one of a breed of small dogs having no hair except for a tuft on the top of the head and a little fuzz on the lower part of the tail.
  • microcrystalline — minutely crystalline; composed of microscopic crystals.
  • microelectronics — the technology dealing with the design, development, and construction of electronic systems utilizing extremely small elements, especially solid-state devices employing microminiaturization.
  • microencapsulate — (transitive) To embed by means of microencapsulation.
  • microlinguistics — the branch of linguistics that is concerned with the study of languages in the abstract, and that looks at specific linguistic data without consideration of meaning
  • midair collision — a crash, such as a plane crash, that takes place in the air
  • middelmannetjies — Plural form of middelmannetjie.
  • middle stone age — the Mesolithic period.
  • middle westerner — the region of the United States bounded on the W by the Rocky Mountains, on the S by the Ohio River and the S extremities of Missouri and Kansas, and on the E, variously, by the Allegheny Mountains, the E border of Ohio, or the E border of Illinois.
  • military honours — ceremonies performed by troops in honour of royalty, at the burial of an officer, etc
  • military science — the study of the causative factors and tactical principles of warfare.
  • milk of magnesia — a milky white suspension in water of magnesium hydroxide, Mg (OH) 2 , used as an antacid or laxative.
  • mineral deposits — amounts of minerals that occur naturally in particular areas
  • minstrel gallery — a gallery in a building meant for use by musicians playing to provide background music or entertainment at a feast or other event
  • misanthropically — In a misanthropic manner.
  • misogynistically — In a misogynistic manner.
  • missile launcher — system that fires missiles
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