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4-letter words containing s, c

  • csys — Certificate of Sixth Year Studies
  • ctos — 1.   (operating system)   Computerised Tomography Operating System. 2.   (operating system)   Convergent Technologies Operating System.
  • ctss — Compatible Timesharing System
  • cubs — the junior branch of the Scout Association
  • cuds — the portion of food that a ruminant returns from the first stomach to the mouth to chew a second time.
  • cues — the letter Q, q.
  • cups — a small, open container made of china, glass, metal, etc., usually having a handle and used chiefly as a receptable from which to drink tea, soup, etc.
  • curs — a mongrel dog, especially a worthless or unfriendly one.
  • cush — the son of Ham and brother of Canaan (Genesis 10:6)
  • cusi — A collection of indices to various web and other Internet documents. It is located at Nexor in the UK.
  • cusk — a gadoid food fish, Brosmius brosme, of northern coastal waters, having a single long dorsal fin
  • cuso — Canadian University Services Overseas; an organization that sends students to work as volunteers in developing countries
  • cusp — any of the small elevations on the grinding or chewing surface of a tooth
  • cuss — If someone cusses, they swear at someone or use bad language.
  • cust — Custody.
  • cuts — Computer Users' Tape System
  • cwms — cirque (def 1).
  • cyst — A cyst is a growth containing liquid that appears inside your body or under your skin.
  • dbcs — (character)   (IBM) double-byte character set. A character set that uses 16 bits to represent a character.
  • dcis — ductal carcinoma in situ
  • dcms — Department for Culture, Media, and Sport
  • ddsc — Doctor of Dental Science
  • disc — any thin, flat, circular plate or object.
  • docs — Plural form of doc.
  • ds1c — (communications)   A DS level and framing specification for digital signals in the North American digital transmission hierarchy. A DS1C signal uses 48 PCM channels and has a transmission rate of 3.15 Megabits per second, twice that of DS1. DS1C uses two DS1 signals combined and sent on a 3.152 megabit per second carrier which allows 64 kilobits per second for synchronisation and framing using "pulse stuffing". The channel 2 signal is logically inverted, and a framing bit is stuffed in two out of three code words, resulting in 26-bit information units. The channels are interleaved and then scrambled by the addition modulo 2 of the signal with the previous bit. Finally the bit stream is combined with a control bit sequence that permits the demultiplexor to function by preceding each 52 bits with one DS1C framing bit. A series of 24 such 53-bit frames forms a 1272-bit "M-frame".
  • ecsc — Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court
  • ecsl — Extended CSL. A discrete simulation language, the successor to CSL.
  • ecsp — An extension to CSP, supporting dynamic communication channels and nested processes.
  • ecus — the shield carried by a mounted man-at-arms in the Middle Ages.
  • epcs — Experimental Physics Control Systems
  • esca — (ichthyology) fleshy growth from an anglerfish's head that acts as a lure.
  • escd — Extended System Configuration Data
  • esrc — Economic and Social Research Council
  • fasc — fascicle
  • fcsc — Foreign Claims Settlement Commission
  • fisc — a royal or state treasury; exchequer.
  • fmcs — Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service
  • frcs — Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons
  • frsc — Fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry
  • fsck — 1.   (operating system)   file system check. The Unix program that checks a file system for internal consistency and bad blocks etc. and can repair some faults. fsck is often used after a crash when the file system has been left in an inconsistent state, e.g. due to incomplete flushing of buffers. 2.   (jargon)   Used on Usenet newsgroup alt.sysadmin.recovery as substitute for "fuck" and became more main-stream after the Communications Decency Act.
  • fusc — dark-brown; dusky-brown
  • gcos — (operating system)   /jee'kohs/ An operating system developed by General Electric from 1962; originally called GECOS (the General Electric Comprehensive Operating System). The GECOS-II operating system was developed by General Electric for the 36-bit GE-635 in 1962-1964. Contrary to rumour, GECOS was not cloned from System/360 [DOS/360?] - the GE-635 architecture was very different from the IBM 360 and GECOS was more ambitious than DOS/360. GE Information Service Divsion developed a large special multi-computer system that was not publicised because they did not wish time sharing customers to challenge their bills. Although GE ISD was marketing DTSS - the first commercial time sharing system - GE Computer Division had no license from Dartmouth and GE-ISD to market it to external customers, so they designed a time-sharing system to sell as a standard part of GECOS-III, which replaced GECOS-II in 1967. GECOS TSS was more general purpose than DTSS, it was more a programmer's tool (program editing, e-mail on a single system) than a BASIC TSS. The GE-645, a modified 635 built by the same people, was selected by MIT and Bell for the Multics project. Multics' infancy was as painful as any infancy. Bell pulled out in 1969 and later produced Unix. After the buy-out of GE's computer division by Honeywell, GECOS-III was renamed GCOS-3 (General Comprehensive Operating System). Other OS groups at Honeywell began referring to it as "God's Chosen Operating System", allegedly in reaction to the GCOS crowd's uninformed and snotty attitude about the superiority of their product. [Can anyone confirm this?] GCOS won and this led in the orphaning and eventual death of Honeywell Multics. Honeywell also decided to launch a new product line called Level64, and later DPS-7. It was decided to mainatin, at least temporarily, the 36-bit machine as top of the line, because GCOS-3 was so successfull in the 1970s. The plan in 1972-1973 was that GCOS-3 and Multics should converge. This plan was killed by Honeywell management in 1973 for lack of resources and the inability of Multics, lacking databases and transaction processing, to act as a business operating system without a substantial reinvestment. The name "GCOS" was extended to all Honeywell-marketed product lines and GCOS-64, a completely different 32-bit operating system, significanctly inspired by Multics, was designed in France and Boston. GCOS-62, another different 32-bit low-end DOS level was designed in Italy. GCOS-61 represented a new version of a small system made in France and the new DPS-6 16-bit minicomputer line got GCOS-6. When the intended merge between GCOS-3 and Multics failed, the Phoenix designers had in mind a big upgrade of the architecture to introduce segmentation and capabilities. GCOS-3 was renamed GCOS-8, well before it started to use the new features which were introduced in next generation hardware. The GCOS licenses were sold to the Japanese companies NEC and Toshiba who developed the Honeywell products, including GCOS, much further, surpassing the IBM 3090 and IBM 390. When Honeywell decided in 1984 to get its top of the range machines from NEC, they considered running Multics on them but the Multics market was considered too small. Due to the difficulty of porting the ancient Multics code they considered modifying the NEC hardware to support the Multics compilers. GCOS3 featured a good Codasyl database called IDS (Integrated Data Store) that was the model for the more successful IDMS. Several versions of transaction processing were designed for GCOS-3 and GCOS-8. An early attempt at TP for GCOS-3, not taken up in Europe, assumed that, as in Unix, a new process should be started to handle each transaction. IBM customers required a more efficient model where multiplexed threads wait for messages and can share resources. Those features were implemented as subsystems. GCOS-3 soon acquired a proper TP monitor called Transaction Driven System (TDS). TDS was essentially a Honeywell development. It later evolved into TP8 on GCOS-8. TDS and its developments were commercially successful and predated IBM CICS, which had a very similar architecture. GCOS-6 and GCOS-4 (ex-GCOS-62) were superseded by Motorola 68000-based minicomputers running Unix and the product lines were discontinued. In the late 1980s Bull took over Honeywell and Bull's management chose Unix, probably with the intent to move out of hardware into middleware. Bull killed the Boston proposal to port Multics to a platform derived from DPS-6. Very few customers rushed to convert from GCOS to Unix and new machines (of CMOS technology) were still to be introduced in 1997 with GCOS-8. GCOS played a major role in keeping Honeywell a dismal also-ran in the mainframe market. Some early Unix systems at Bell Labs used GCOS machines for print spooling and various other services. The field added to "/etc/passwd" to carry GCOS ID information was called the "GECOS field" and survives today as the "pw_gecos" member used for the user's full name and other human-ID information.
  • gcse — General Certificate of Secondary Education
  • hasc — Halachically Approved Shidduch Camp
  • hesc — human embryonic stem cell
  • hmcs — His (or Her) Majesty's Canadian Ship
  • hsrc — Human Sciences Research Council
  • ices — the solid form of water, produced by freezing; frozen water.
  • icsh — interstitial-cell-stimulating hormone
  • icsi — International Computer Science Institute at Berkeley, CA.
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