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18-letter words containing r, i, v, a, l

  • overspecialization — excessive specialization, as in a field of study.
  • parallel evolution — the independent development of closely corresponding adaptive features in two or more groups of organisms that occupy different but equivalent habitats, as marsupial mammals in Australia and placental mammals on other continents.
  • partial derivative — the derivative of a function with respect to one of its variables with all other variables held constant.
  • partial evaluation — (compiler, algorithm)   (Or "specialisation") An optimisation technique where the compiler evaluates some subexpressions at compile-time. For example, Partial evaluation might change the termination properties of the program if, for example, the expression (x * 0) was reduced to 0 it would terminate even if x (and thus x * 0) did not. It may be necessary to reorder an expression to partially evaluate it, e.g. f x y = (x + y) + 1 g z = f 3 z If we rewrite f: f x y = (x + 1) + y then the expression x+1 becomes a constant for the function g and we can say g z = f 3 z = (3 + 1) + z = 4 + z Partial evaluation of built-in functions applied to constant arguments is known as constant folding. See also full laziness.
  • partial-vegetarian — a person who eats mostly plant foods, dairy products, and eggs, and occasionally chicken, fish, and red meat.
  • particular average — a loss at sea, as through accident or negligence, that is borne solely by the owner of the lost property. Abbreviation: P.A.
  • passive vocabulary — all the words, collectively, that a person can understand
  • pemphigus vulgaris — a potentially fatal blistering skin disease, characterized by large blisters on the skin, mucous membranes of the mouth, genitals, intestines, etc, which eventually rupture and form painful denuded areas from which critical amounts of bodily protein, fluid, and blood may be lost
  • physical inventory — To carry out a physical inventory is to count all the stock on hand.
  • positively charged — having a positive charge
  • post-revolutionary — of, pertaining to, characterized by, or of the nature of a revolution, or a sudden, complete, or marked change: a revolutionary junta.
  • postviral syndrome — debilitating condition occurring as a sequel to viral illness
  • prepositional verb — a combination of verb and preposition, often with idiomatic meaning, differing from other phrasal verbs in that an object must always follow the preposition, as take after in The children take after their mother.
  • provably difficult — The set or property of problems for which it can be proven that no polynomial-time algorithm exists, only exponential-time algorithms.
  • provascular tissue — procambium.
  • provincial council — (formerly) a council administering any of the New Zealand provinces
  • quality of service — (communications, networking)   (QoS) The performance properties of a network service, possibly including throughput, transit delay, priority. Some protocols allow packets or streams to include QoS requirements.
  • rabbit-foot clover — a plant, Trifolium arvense, having trifoliate leaves with narrow leaflets and fuzzy, cylindrical, grayish-pink flower heads.
  • racially motivated — motivated by (the hate or prejudice of) someone's race
  • relative frequency — the ratio of the number of times an event occurs to the number of occasions on which it might occur in the same period.
  • relative major key — a major key that has the same key signature as a minor key, but a different tonic
  • relative minor key — a minor key that has the same key signature as a major key, but a different tonic
  • restrictive clause — a relative clause that identifies the antecedent and that is usually not set off by commas in English. In The year that just ended was bad for crops, the clause that just ended is a restrictive clause.
  • revolutionary wars — American Revolution.
  • rr lyrae variables — any of the very regular, short-period, pulsating variable stars having periods between 1.5 and 29 hours
  • russian revolution — Also called February Revolution. the uprising in Russia in March, 1917 (February Old Style), in which the Czarist government collapsed and a provisional government was established.
  • sacrificial victim — a person who is ritually killed with the intention of propitiating or pleasing a deity
  • seasonal variation — season-related variation
  • selective abortion — the aborting of particular embryos for medical or social reasons
  • self-advertisement — a paid announcement, as of goods for sale, in newspapers or magazines, on radio or television, etc.
  • silver certificate — a former paper currency first issued in 1878 by the U.S. federal government for circulation, equal to and redeemable for silver to a stated value.
  • social environment — the environment developed by humans as contrasted with the natural environment; society as a whole, especially in its relation to the individual.
  • sodium-vapour lamp — a type of electric lamp consisting of a glass tube containing neon and sodium vapour at low pressure through which an electric current is passed to give an orange light. They are used in street lighting
  • solvent extraction — Solvent extraction is the separation of a particular substance from a mixture by dissolving that substance in a solvent that will dissolve it, but which will not dissolve any other substance in the mixture.
  • special relativity — the state or fact of being relative.
  • st. lawrence river — a river in SE Canada, flowing NE from Lake Ontario, forming part of the boundary between New York and Ontario, and emptying into the Gulf of St. Lawrence. 760 miles (1225 km) long.
  • standard of living — a grade or level of subsistence and comfort in everyday life enjoyed by a community, class, or individual: The well-educated generally have a high standard of living.
  • survival mechanism — something you or your body does automatically, in order to survive in a dangerous or unpleasant situation
  • teacher evaluation — the process of vetting teachers to maintain teaching standards
  • technical reserves — Technical reserves are amounts of money set aside to pay for underwriting liabilities.
  • tender loving care — considerate and kindly care, as of someone who is ill, upset, etc
  • to play favourites — to display favouritism
  • to scrape a living — If you say that someone scrapes a living or scratches a living, you mean that they manage to earn enough to live on, but it is very difficult. In American English, you say they scrape out a living or scratch out a living.
  • transylvanian alps — a mountain range in S Romania; a SW extension of the Carpathian Mountains. Highest peak: Mount Negoiu, 2548 m (8360 ft)
  • traveling salesman — a male representative of a business firm who travels in an assigned territory soliciting orders for a company's products or services.
  • travelling library — a mobile library in which a vehicle such as a van delivers books to be borrowed
  • tristimulus values — three values that together are used to describe a colour and are the amounts of three reference colours that can be mixed to give the same visual sensation as the colour considered
  • turbine ventilator — a ventilator, usually mounted on the roof of a building, deck of a ship, etc., having at its head a globular, vaned rotor that is rotated by the wind, conveying air through a duct to and from a chamber below.
  • ulcerative colitis — chronic ulceration in the large intestine, characterized by painful abdominal cramps and profuse diarrhea containing pus, blood, and mucus.
  • ultraviolet filter — a filter used on a lens to absorb ultraviolet radiation that may impart an undesirable blue cast to a photograph.
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