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13-letter words containing r, e, c, l

  • electron lens — a system, such as an arrangement of electrodes or magnets, that produces a field for focusing a beam of electrons
  • electron tube — (electronics)   (Or tube, vacuum tube, UK: valve, electron valve, thermionic valve, firebottle, glassfet) An electronic component consisting of a space exhausted of gas to such an extent that electrons may move about freely, and two or more electrodes with external connections. Nearly all tubes are of the thermionic type where one electrode, called the cathode, is heated, and electrons are emitted from its surface with a small energy (typically a Volt or less). A second electrode, called the anode (plate) will attract the electrons when it is positive with respect to the cathode, allowing current in one direction but not the other. In types which are used for amplification of signals, additional electrodes, called grids, beam-forming electrodes, focussing electrodes and so on according to their purpose, are introduced between cathode and plate and modify the flow of electrons by electrostatic attraction or (usually) repulsion. A voltage change on a grid can control a substantially greater change in that between cathode and anode. Unlike semiconductors, except perhaps for FETs, the movement of electrons is simply a function of electrostatic field within the active region of the tube, and as a consequence of the very low mass of the electron, the currents can be changed quickly. Moreover, there is no limit to the current density in the space, and the electrodes which do dissapate power are usually metal and can be cooled with forced air, water, or other refrigerants. Today these features cause tubes to be the active device of choice when the signals to be amplified are a power levels of more than about 500 watts. The first electronic digital computers used hundreds of vacuum tubes as their active components which, given the reliability of these devices, meant the computers needed frequent repairs to keep them operating. The chief causes of unreliability are the heater used to heat the cathode and the connector into which the tube was plugged. Vacuum tube manufacturers in the US are nearly a thing of the past, with the exception of the special purpose types used in broadcast and image sensing and displays. Eimac, GE, RCA, and the like would probably refer to specific types such as "Beam Power Tetrode" and the like, and rarely use the generic terms. The cathode ray tube is a special purpose type based on these principles which is used for the visual display in television and computers. X-ray tubes are diodes (two element tubes) used at high voltage; a tungsten anode emits the energetic photons when the energetic electrons hit it. Magnetrons use magnetic fields to constrain the electrons; they provide very simple, high power, ultra-high frequency signals for radar, microwave ovens, and the like. Klystrons amplify signals at high power and microwave frequencies.
  • electron volt — a unit of energy equal to that attained by an electron falling unimpeded through a potential difference of one volt; 1.602 × 10-19 joule
  • electrooptics — the technology that deals with the production, control, and detection of light by electrical devices
  • electrophiles — Plural form of electrophile.
  • electrophilic — (of a molecule or group) having a tendency to attract or acquire electrons.
  • electrophones — Plural form of electrophone.
  • electrophonic — Relating to electronic equipment to produce sound (this adjectival sense is not comparable).
  • electrophorus — A device for repeatedly generating static electricity by induction.
  • electroplated — Simple past tense and past participle of electroplate.
  • electroplates — Third-person singular simple present indicative form of electroplate.
  • electroscopes — Plural form of electroscope.
  • electrostatic — Of or relating to stationary electric charges or fields as opposed to electric currents.
  • electrostrong — (physics) describing the combination of the electromagnetic and strong nuclear forces.
  • electrothermy — the use of electrically produced heat for therapeutic purposes
  • electrotyping — The act or process of making electrotypes.
  • electrotypist — an electrotyper
  • electrovalent — (of bonding) resulting from electrostatic attraction between positive and negative ions; ionic.
  • embryological — Of or pertaining to embryology.
  • embryonically — In an embryonic way.
  • empiricalness — Quality of being empirical.
  • encephalogram — An image, trace, or other record of the structure or electrical activity of the brain.
  • encourageable — Able to be encouraged; suggestible.
  • encouragingly — In an encouraging manner.
  • enculturating — Present participle of enculturate.
  • enculturation — The gradual acquisition of the characteristics and norms of a culture or group by a person, another culture, etc.
  • endobronchial — (anatomy) Pertaining to the lining of the bronchi.
  • endocrinology — The branch of physiology and medicine concerned with endocrine glands and hormones.
  • energetically — In an energetic manner.
  • ensorcellment — Enchantment, bewitchment.
  • enterocolitis — Inflammation of both the small intestine and the colon.
  • entrance hall — large lobby, foyer
  • epitrachelion — The liturgical vestment worn by priests and bishops of the Orthodox Church as the symbol of their priesthood, corresponding to the Western stole.
  • epitrochoidal — Being or relating to an epitrochoid.
  • eproctophilia — Sexual arousal from flatulence.
  • equilibristic — Of or pertaining to equilibristics.
  • equimolecular — (chemistry) Containing the same number of molecules (of two or more compounds).
  • ergonomically — In an ergonomic manner.
  • escort vessel — ship that accompanies another
  • estrous cycle — the regular female reproductive cycle of most placental mammals that is under hormonal control and includes a period of heat, followed by ovulation and complex changes of the uterine lining
  • ethchlorvynol — A sedative and hypnotic drug used to treat insomnia.
  • ethnocultural — Relating to or denoting a particular ethnic group.
  • eucharistical — Alternative form of eucharistic.
  • euler-chelpin — Hans (Karl August) von. 1873–1964, Swedish biochemist, born in Germany: shared the Nobel prize for chemistry (1929) with Sir Arthur Harden for their work on enzymes: father of Ulf von Euler
  • excalibur bug — (humour, programming)   The legendary bug that, despite repeated valliant attempts, none but the true king of all programmers can fix. Named after the sword in the stone in the legend of King Arthur.
  • excimer laser — a type of gas laser that emits powerful pulses of ultraviolet radiation used in weapons, industrial, or medical research: this radiation is emitted as the short-lived excimers, dimeric molecules that can only exist when a component is energized into an excited state, return to their ground states
  • excoriatingly — So as to excoriate.
  • excrescential — Pertaining to, or resembling, an excrescence.
  • extra-special — particular; exceptional
  • extrabiblical — Outside the Bible.
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