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16-letter words containing p, e, o, l, s, c

  • lost-wax process — a process of investment casting in which a refractory mold is built up around a pattern of wax and then baked so as to melt and drain off the wax.
  • lz77 compression — The first algorithm to use the Lempel-Ziv substitutional compression schemes, proposed in 1977. LZ77 compression keeps track of the last n bytes of data seen, and when a phrase is encountered that has already been seen, it outputs a pair of values corresponding to the position of the phrase in the previously-seen buffer of data, and the length of the phrase. In effect the compressor moves a fixed-size "window" over the data (generally referred to as a "sliding window"), with the position part of the (position, length) pair referring to the position of the phrase within the window. The most commonly used algorithms are derived from the LZSS scheme described by James Storer and Thomas Szymanski in 1982. In this the compressor maintains a window of size N bytes and a "lookahead buffer", the contents of which it tries to find a match for in the window: while (lookAheadBuffer not empty) { get a pointer (position, match) to the longest match in the window for the lookahead buffer; if (length > MINIMUM_MATCH_LENGTH) { output a (position, length) pair; shift the window length characters along; } else { output the first character in the lookahead buffer; shift the window 1 character along; } } Decompression is simple and fast: whenever a (POSITION, LENGTH) pair is encountered, go to that POSITION in the window and copy LENGTH bytes to the output. Sliding-window-based schemes can be simplified by numbering the input text characters mod N, in effect creating a circular buffer. The sliding window approach automatically creates the LRU effect which must be done explicitly in LZ78 schemes. Variants of this method apply additional compression to the output of the LZSS compressor, which include a simple variable-length code (LZB), dynamic Huffman coding (LZH), and Shannon-Fano coding (ZIP 1.x), all of which result in a certain degree of improvement over the basic scheme, especially when the data are rather random and the LZSS compressor has little effect. An algorithm was developed which combines the ideas behind LZ77 and LZ78 to produce a hybrid called LZFG. LZFG uses the standard sliding window, but stores the data in a modified trie data structure and produces as output the position of the text in the trie. Since LZFG only inserts complete *phrases* into the dictionary, it should run faster than other LZ77-based compressors. All popular archivers (arj, lha, zip, zoo) are variations on LZ77.
  • lz78 compression — A substitutional compression scheme which works by entering phrases into a dictionary and then, when a reoccurrence of that particular phrase is found, outputting the dictionary index instead of the phrase. Several algorithms are based on this principle, differing mainly in the manner in which they manage the dictionary. The most well-known Lempel-Ziv scheme is Terry Welch's Lempel-Ziv Welch variant of LZ78.
  • microencapsulate — (transitive) To embed by means of microencapsulation.
  • mock turtle soup — a rich, clear soup prepared to resemble green turtle soup, made with a calf's head or other meat, seasonings, and often with wine.
  • moulding process — the process of shaping or compacting a material into a frame or mould
  • multiple factors — polygene.
  • nephrocalcinosis — (medicine) The deposition of calcium salts in the renal parenchyma due to hyperparathyroidism.
  • nicoya peninsula — a peninsula in NW Costa Rica, on the Pacific Ocean.
  • non-compressible — to press together; force into less space.
  • non-metaphysical — pertaining to or of the nature of metaphysics.
  • objective pascal — An extension of the PASCAL language which provides the possibility to use object-oriented programming constructs.
  • open scholarship — a scholarship which anyone can apply for
  • opposed-cylinder — (of an internal-combustion engine) having cylinders on opposite sides of the crankcase in the same plane
  • optical tweezers — a laser device used to study, manipulate, or trap a microscopic object, as a microorganism or cell, with nanometer precision.
  • osculating plane — the plane containing the circle of curvature of a point on a given curve.
  • over-speculation — the contemplation or consideration of some subject: to engage in speculation on humanity's ultimate destiny.
  • panel discussion — a formal discussion before an audience for which the topic, speakers, etc., have been selected in advance.
  • paratuberculosis — Johne's disease.
  • pascal's theorem — the theorem that the lines joining adjacent vertices of a hexagon intersect the same straight line if alternate vertices lie on two intersecting straight lines.
  • pectoralis major — the larger of the two large chest muscles that assist in movements of the shoulder and upper arm
  • pectoralis minor — the smaller of the two large chest muscles that assist in movements of the shoulder and upper arm
  • pelagic division — the biogeographic realm or zone that comprises the open seas and oceans, including water of all depths.
  • pelican crossing — place to cross road
  • pentatonic scale — a scale having five tones to an octave, as one having intervals that correspond to the five black keys of a piano octave.
  • people's charter — the principles or movement of a party of political reformers, chiefly workingmen, in England from 1838 to 1848: so called from the document (People's Charter or National Charter) that contained a statement of their principles and demands.
  • people's commune — a usually rural, Communist Chinese social and administrative unit of from 2000 to 4000 families combined for collective farming, fishing, mining, or industrial projects.
  • percussion drill — a drill that is operated by percussion
  • person of colour — a person who is not White
  • personal effects — belongings
  • personality cult — deliberately cultivated adulation of a person, esp a political leader
  • personnel agency — an agency for placing employable persons in jobs; employment agency.
  • photoluminescent — luminescence induced by the absorption of infrared radiation, visible light, or ultraviolet radiation.
  • place of worship — religious house: church, temple
  • plainclothes man — a detective or police officer who wears civilian clothes while on duty
  • play one's cards — to carry out one's plans; take action (esp in the phrase play one's cards right)
  • pocket billiards — pool2 (def 1).
  • poisoned chalice — If you refer to a job or an opportunity as a poisoned chalice, you mean that it seems to be very attractive but you believe it will lead to failure.
  • police constable — police officer
  • police inspector — rank of police officer in the UK
  • policy statement — a declaration of the plans and intentions of an organization or government
  • political system — a coordinated set of principles, laws, ideas, and procedures relating to a particular form of government, or the form of government itself: Democracy is a political system in which citizens govern themselves.
  • polycondensation — formation of a polymer by chemical condensation with the elimination of a small molecule, such as water.
  • polyphonic prose — prose characterized by the use of poetic devices, as alliteration, assonance, rhyme, etc., and especially by an emphasis on rhythm not strictly metered.
  • post-pleistocene — noting or pertaining to the epoch forming the earlier half of the Quaternary Period, beginning about two million years ago and ending 10,000 years ago, characterized by widespread glacial ice and the advent of modern humans.
  • postcode lottery — a situation in which the standard of medical care, education, etc, received by the public varies from area to area, depending on the funding policies of various health boards, local authorities, etc
  • postencephalitic — inflammation of the substance of the brain.
  • practical reason — (in Kantian ethics) reason applied to the problem of action and choice, especially in ethical matters.
  • pre-solicitation — the act of soliciting.
  • process theology — a form of theology that emphasizes the close relation of human beings, nature, and God.
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