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16-letter words containing p, e, n, r

  • laurentides park — a national park in SE Canada, in Quebec province between the St. Lawrence and Lake St. John.
  • leap in the dark — to spring through the air from one point or position to another; jump: to leap over a ditch.
  • learner's permit — A learner's permit is a license that allows you to drive a vehicle before you have passed your driving test.
  • learning process — a process of learning
  • led page printer — LED printer
  • left parenthesis — (character)   "(". ASCII character 40. Common names: left paren; left parenthesis; left; open; paren (")" = thesis); open paren; open parenthesis; left parenthesis; left banana. Rare: so (")" = already); lparen; ITU-T: opening parenthesis; open round bracket, left round bracket, INTERCAL: wax (")" = wane); parenthisey (")" = unparenthisey); left ear. Paired with right parenthesis (")").
  • legal department — the department that deals with legal matters
  • legal separation — judicial separation.
  • leptosporangiate — (of ferns) having each sporangium developing from a single cell, rather than from a group, and normally with specialized explosive spore dispersal
  • lever escapement — an escapement in which a pivoted lever, made to oscillate by the escape wheel, engages a balance staff and causes it to oscillate.
  • lines per minute — (unit)   (lpm) A unit used to measure line printer throughput.
  • linux user group — (body, operating system)   (LUG) Any organisation of Linux users in a local area, university, etc., that offers mutual technical support, companionship with people of similar interests and promotes the use of Linux among computer users generally. LUGs often hold Install Fests for the general public, in which experienced Linux users explain and supervise the installation of Linux on new users' systems.
  • lizard peninsula — a promontory in SW England, in SW Cornwall: the southernmost point in Great Britain
  • lower palatinate — See under Palatinate (def 1).
  • lz77 compression — The first algorithm to use the Lempel-Ziv substitutional compression schemes, proposed in 1977. LZ77 compression keeps track of the last n bytes of data seen, and when a phrase is encountered that has already been seen, it outputs a pair of values corresponding to the position of the phrase in the previously-seen buffer of data, and the length of the phrase. In effect the compressor moves a fixed-size "window" over the data (generally referred to as a "sliding window"), with the position part of the (position, length) pair referring to the position of the phrase within the window. The most commonly used algorithms are derived from the LZSS scheme described by James Storer and Thomas Szymanski in 1982. In this the compressor maintains a window of size N bytes and a "lookahead buffer", the contents of which it tries to find a match for in the window: while (lookAheadBuffer not empty) { get a pointer (position, match) to the longest match in the window for the lookahead buffer; if (length > MINIMUM_MATCH_LENGTH) { output a (position, length) pair; shift the window length characters along; } else { output the first character in the lookahead buffer; shift the window 1 character along; } } Decompression is simple and fast: whenever a (POSITION, LENGTH) pair is encountered, go to that POSITION in the window and copy LENGTH bytes to the output. Sliding-window-based schemes can be simplified by numbering the input text characters mod N, in effect creating a circular buffer. The sliding window approach automatically creates the LRU effect which must be done explicitly in LZ78 schemes. Variants of this method apply additional compression to the output of the LZSS compressor, which include a simple variable-length code (LZB), dynamic Huffman coding (LZH), and Shannon-Fano coding (ZIP 1.x), all of which result in a certain degree of improvement over the basic scheme, especially when the data are rather random and the LZSS compressor has little effect. An algorithm was developed which combines the ideas behind LZ77 and LZ78 to produce a hybrid called LZFG. LZFG uses the standard sliding window, but stores the data in a modified trie data structure and produces as output the position of the text in the trie. Since LZFG only inserts complete *phrases* into the dictionary, it should run faster than other LZ77-based compressors. All popular archivers (arj, lha, zip, zoo) are variations on LZ77.
  • lz78 compression — A substitutional compression scheme which works by entering phrases into a dictionary and then, when a reoccurrence of that particular phrase is found, outputting the dictionary index instead of the phrase. Several algorithms are based on this principle, differing mainly in the manner in which they manage the dictionary. The most well-known Lempel-Ziv scheme is Terry Welch's Lempel-Ziv Welch variant of LZ78.
  • mach's principle — the proposition that there is no absolute space and that the inertia and acceleration of a body are determined by all of the matter of the universe.
  • machine operator — someone who operates mechanical equipment
  • macpherson strut — an automobile suspension-system component that consists of a strut combined with a spring and shock absorber and connects the wheel to the frame of the vehicle.
  • magnetic pyrites — Mineralogy. pyrrhotite.
  • magnetoreceptors — Plural form of magnetoreceptor.
  • malapportionment — (of a state or other political unit) poorly apportioned, especially divided, organized, or structured in a manner that prevents large sections of a population from having equitable representation in a legislative body.
  • malpighian layer — the deep, germinative layer of the epidermis.
  • man and superman — a comedy (1903) by G. B. Shaw.
  • man booker prize — an annual prize for a work of Commonwealth or Irish fiction of £50,000, awarded as the Booker Prize from 1969–2002
  • mangrove snapper — gray snapper.
  • manic depression — bipolar disorder.
  • manic-depressive — suffering from bipolar disorder.
  • marriage partner — a person you are married to
  • marriage portion — dowry.
  • mechanoreception — The action of a mechanoreceptor.
  • mechanoreceptive — Responsive to mechanical stimuli such as sound and touch.
  • mechanoreceptors — Plural form of mechanoreceptor.
  • media atropatene — an ancient region in NW Iran, formerly a part of Media.
  • megacorporations — Plural form of megacorporation.
  • megaphanerophyte — any tree with a height over 30 metres
  • megasporogenesis — the formation and development of megaspores.
  • menippean satire — a form of satire that is indirect and nonrealistic in approach and that consists typically of a loosely organized narrative incorporating a series of dialogues between representatives of various points of view
  • menstrual cramps — pain in the lower abdomen as well as possibly in the lower back and legs associated with menstruation
  • menstrual period — the bleeding from the womb that occurs approximately monthly in nonpregnant women of reproductive age
  • mercantile paper — commercial paper.
  • metamorphization — Process or action of metamorphizing.
  • metamorphosising — Present participle of metamorphosise.
  • methyl parathion — a synthetic pesticide, C 8 H 1 0 NO 5 PS, used in the control of mites and various insects, as aphids, boll weevils, and cutworms.
  • microencapsulate — (transitive) To embed by means of microencapsulation.
  • microenterprises — Plural form of microenterprise.
  • mineral deposits — amounts of minerals that occur naturally in particular areas
  • miniature poodle — a breed of poodle, bred to be much smaller than standard poodles
  • misapprehensions — Plural form of misapprehension.
  • miscomprehension — the act or process of comprehending.
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