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16-letter words containing p, c, r

  • laserdisc player — a device that plays laserdiscs
  • learning process — a process of learning
  • level descriptor — one of a set of criteria used to assess the performance of a pupil in a particular subject
  • lever escapement — an escapement in which a pivoted lever, made to oscillate by the escape wheel, engages a balance staff and causes it to oscillate.
  • library pictures — a caption used to alert viewers that footage being broadcast is from an earlier time and is not happening now
  • light microscope — microscope (def 1).
  • literacy project — a project, plan or scheme to increase literacy in a country, area, etc
  • lithographically — In the manner of lithography.
  • logical operator — any of the Boolean symbols or functions, as AND, OR, and NOT, denoting a Boolean operation; Boolean operator.
  • lost-wax process — a process of investment casting in which a refractory mold is built up around a pattern of wax and then baked so as to melt and drain off the wax.
  • lz77 compression — The first algorithm to use the Lempel-Ziv substitutional compression schemes, proposed in 1977. LZ77 compression keeps track of the last n bytes of data seen, and when a phrase is encountered that has already been seen, it outputs a pair of values corresponding to the position of the phrase in the previously-seen buffer of data, and the length of the phrase. In effect the compressor moves a fixed-size "window" over the data (generally referred to as a "sliding window"), with the position part of the (position, length) pair referring to the position of the phrase within the window. The most commonly used algorithms are derived from the LZSS scheme described by James Storer and Thomas Szymanski in 1982. In this the compressor maintains a window of size N bytes and a "lookahead buffer", the contents of which it tries to find a match for in the window: while (lookAheadBuffer not empty) { get a pointer (position, match) to the longest match in the window for the lookahead buffer; if (length > MINIMUM_MATCH_LENGTH) { output a (position, length) pair; shift the window length characters along; } else { output the first character in the lookahead buffer; shift the window 1 character along; } } Decompression is simple and fast: whenever a (POSITION, LENGTH) pair is encountered, go to that POSITION in the window and copy LENGTH bytes to the output. Sliding-window-based schemes can be simplified by numbering the input text characters mod N, in effect creating a circular buffer. The sliding window approach automatically creates the LRU effect which must be done explicitly in LZ78 schemes. Variants of this method apply additional compression to the output of the LZSS compressor, which include a simple variable-length code (LZB), dynamic Huffman coding (LZH), and Shannon-Fano coding (ZIP 1.x), all of which result in a certain degree of improvement over the basic scheme, especially when the data are rather random and the LZSS compressor has little effect. An algorithm was developed which combines the ideas behind LZ77 and LZ78 to produce a hybrid called LZFG. LZFG uses the standard sliding window, but stores the data in a modified trie data structure and produces as output the position of the text in the trie. Since LZFG only inserts complete *phrases* into the dictionary, it should run faster than other LZ77-based compressors. All popular archivers (arj, lha, zip, zoo) are variations on LZ77.
  • lz78 compression — A substitutional compression scheme which works by entering phrases into a dictionary and then, when a reoccurrence of that particular phrase is found, outputting the dictionary index instead of the phrase. Several algorithms are based on this principle, differing mainly in the manner in which they manage the dictionary. The most well-known Lempel-Ziv scheme is Terry Welch's Lempel-Ziv Welch variant of LZ78.
  • macapagal arroyo — Gloria
  • mach's principle — the proposition that there is no absolute space and that the inertia and acceleration of a body are determined by all of the matter of the universe.
  • machine operator — someone who operates mechanical equipment
  • macpherson strut — an automobile suspension-system component that consists of a strut combined with a spring and shock absorber and connects the wheel to the frame of the vehicle.
  • macrolepidoptera — a collector's name for that part of the lepidoptera that comprises the butterflies and the larger moths (noctuids, geometrids, bombycids, springtails, etc): a term without taxonomic significance
  • macrophotography — Photography that is done up close; close-up photography.
  • magnetic pyrites — Mineralogy. pyrrhotite.
  • magnetoreceptors — Plural form of magnetoreceptor.
  • make a pitch for — to give verbal support to
  • malchus-porphyry — (Malchus) a.d. c233–c304, Greek philosopher.
  • malpractice suit — a lawsuit brought against a professional accused of illegal or unethical practices or neglect of duty
  • mammographically — Using a mammograph, by means of mammograph.
  • manic depression — bipolar disorder.
  • manic-depressive — suffering from bipolar disorder.
  • mari el republic — a constituent republic of W central Russia, in the middle Volga basin. Capital: Yoshkar-Ola. Pop: 728 000 (2002). Area: 23 200 sq km (8955 sq miles)
  • mechanoreception — The action of a mechanoreceptor.
  • mechanoreceptive — Responsive to mechanical stimuli such as sound and touch.
  • mechanoreceptors — Plural form of mechanoreceptor.
  • megacorporations — Plural form of megacorporation.
  • menstrual cramps — pain in the lower abdomen as well as possibly in the lower back and legs associated with menstruation
  • mercantile paper — commercial paper.
  • microangiopathic — Of, pertaining to or accompanied by microangiopathy.
  • microencapsulate — (transitive) To embed by means of microencapsulation.
  • microenterprises — Plural form of microenterprise.
  • microgametophyte — (biology) Any gametophyte that develops from a microspore.
  • microlepidoptera — a collector's name for the smaller moths: a term without taxonomic significance
  • micromanipulator — A device, used for micromanipulation, consisting of microscopic needles and instruments viewed through a microscope.
  • microphotographs — Plural form of microphotograph.
  • microphotography — microfilm (def 1).
  • microphotometric — of, involving, or relating to microphotometry
  • microprogramming — microcode
  • micropropagation — the propagation of plants from tissue cultures, often from single cells.
  • microsporophylls — Plural form of microsporophyll.
  • microstethoscope — a stethoscope containing an apparatus that greatly amplifies the sounds heard.
  • misanthropically — In a misanthropic manner.
  • miscomprehension — the act or process of comprehending.
  • mispronunciation — (uncountable) The act of mispronouncing.
  • mistranscription — the act or process of transcribing.
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