16-letter words containing o, c, i, p
- loop combination — A program transformation where the bodies of two loops are merged into one thus reducing the overhead of manipulating and testing the control variable and branching. Further optimisation of the merged code may then become possible. In horizontal loop combination the bodies of the loops are largely independent so only the loop overhead is saved. Vertical loop combination applies where the results of the first loop are used by the second. Combining the two allows the intermediate results to be used immediately (in registers) rather than requiring them to be stored in an array. The functional equivalent of horizontal and vertical loop combination are tupling and fusion.
- lz77 compression — The first algorithm to use the Lempel-Ziv substitutional compression schemes, proposed in 1977. LZ77 compression keeps track of the last n bytes of data seen, and when a phrase is encountered that has already been seen, it outputs a pair of values corresponding to the position of the phrase in the previously-seen buffer of data, and the length of the phrase. In effect the compressor moves a fixed-size "window" over the data (generally referred to as a "sliding window"), with the position part of the (position, length) pair referring to the position of the phrase within the window. The most commonly used algorithms are derived from the LZSS scheme described by James Storer and Thomas Szymanski in 1982. In this the compressor maintains a window of size N bytes and a "lookahead buffer", the contents of which it tries to find a match for in the window: while (lookAheadBuffer not empty) { get a pointer (position, match) to the longest match in the window for the lookahead buffer; if (length > MINIMUM_MATCH_LENGTH) { output a (position, length) pair; shift the window length characters along; } else { output the first character in the lookahead buffer; shift the window 1 character along; } } Decompression is simple and fast: whenever a (POSITION, LENGTH) pair is encountered, go to that POSITION in the window and copy LENGTH bytes to the output. Sliding-window-based schemes can be simplified by numbering the input text characters mod N, in effect creating a circular buffer. The sliding window approach automatically creates the LRU effect which must be done explicitly in LZ78 schemes. Variants of this method apply additional compression to the output of the LZSS compressor, which include a simple variable-length code (LZB), dynamic Huffman coding (LZH), and Shannon-Fano coding (ZIP 1.x), all of which result in a certain degree of improvement over the basic scheme, especially when the data are rather random and the LZSS compressor has little effect. An algorithm was developed which combines the ideas behind LZ77 and LZ78 to produce a hybrid called LZFG. LZFG uses the standard sliding window, but stores the data in a modified trie data structure and produces as output the position of the text in the trie. Since LZFG only inserts complete *phrases* into the dictionary, it should run faster than other LZ77-based compressors. All popular archivers (arj, lha, zip, zoo) are variations on LZ77.
- lz78 compression — A substitutional compression scheme which works by entering phrases into a dictionary and then, when a reoccurrence of that particular phrase is found, outputting the dictionary index instead of the phrase. Several algorithms are based on this principle, differing mainly in the manner in which they manage the dictionary. The most well-known Lempel-Ziv scheme is Terry Welch's Lempel-Ziv Welch variant of LZ78.
- machine operator — someone who operates mechanical equipment
- macrolepidoptera — a collector's name for that part of the lepidoptera that comprises the butterflies and the larger moths (noctuids, geometrids, bombycids, springtails, etc): a term without taxonomic significance
- magmatic stoping — the process by which country rock is broken up and engulfed by the upward movement of magma
- magnetic compass — a compass having a magnetized needle generally in line with the magnetic poles of the earth.
- make a complaint — If a guest makes a complaint, they express their dissatisfaction with something.
- make a pitch for — to give verbal support to
- mammographically — Using a mammograph, by means of mammograph.
- manic depression — bipolar disorder.
- mechanoreception — The action of a mechanoreceptor.
- mechanoreceptive — Responsive to mechanical stimuli such as sound and touch.
- megacorporations — Plural form of megacorporation.
- microangiopathic — Of, pertaining to or accompanied by microangiopathy.
- microencapsulate — (transitive) To embed by means of microencapsulation.
- microenterprises — Plural form of microenterprise.
- microgametophyte — (biology) Any gametophyte that develops from a microspore.
- microlepidoptera — a collector's name for the smaller moths: a term without taxonomic significance
- micromanipulator — A device, used for micromanipulation, consisting of microscopic needles and instruments viewed through a microscope.
- microphotographs — Plural form of microphotograph.
- microphotography — microfilm (def 1).
- microphotometric — of, involving, or relating to microphotometry
- microprogramming — microcode
- micropropagation — the propagation of plants from tissue cultures, often from single cells.
- microsporophylls — Plural form of microsporophyll.
- microstethoscope — a stethoscope containing an apparatus that greatly amplifies the sounds heard.
- misanthropically — In a misanthropic manner.
- miscomprehension — the act or process of comprehending.
- mispronunciation — (uncountable) The act of mispronouncing.
- misspecification — An incorrect specification.
- mistranscription — the act or process of transcribing.
- monopolistically — In a monopolistic manner.
- moulding process — the process of shaping or compacting a material into a frame or mould
- multiple factors — polygene.
- municipalization — (economics) The transfer of corporations or other assets to municipal ownership.
- nasal applicator — A nasal applicator is a device for administering medication through the nose.
- native companion — brolga.
- nephrocalcinosis — (medicine) The deposition of calcium salts in the renal parenchyma due to hyperparathyroidism.
- neuropsychiatric — Of or pertaining to neuropsychiatry; simultaneously neurological and psychiatric.
- neutrosophic set — (logic) A generalisation of the intuitionistic set, classical set, fuzzy set, paraconsistent set, dialetheist set, paradoxist set, tautological set based on Neutrosophy. An element x(T, I, F) belongs to the set in the following way: it is t true in the set, i indeterminate in the set, and f false, where t, i, and f are real numbers taken from the sets T, I, and F with no restriction on T, I, F, nor on their sum n=t+i+f. The neutrosophic set generalises: - the intuitionistic set, which supports incomplete set theories (for 0
- newspaper office — an office where the editorial and production staff of a newspaper work
- nicoya peninsula — a peninsula in NW Costa Rica, on the Pacific Ocean.
- non-alphabetical — in the order of the letters of the alphabet: alphabetical arrangement.
- non-compressible — to press together; force into less space.
- non-compromising — an endangering, especially of reputation; exposure to danger, suspicion, etc.: a compromise of one's integrity.
- non-emancipation — the act of emancipating.
- non-geographical — of or relating to geography.
- non-incorporated — formed or constituted as a legal corporation.
- non-metaphysical — pertaining to or of the nature of metaphysics.