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32-letter words containing n, o, i, t, e, r

  • international algebraic language — ALGOL 58
  • international labor organization — a specialized agency of the United Nations working through member nations to improve working conditions throughout the world; originally an affiliate of the League of Nations: Nobel Peace Prize 1969. Abbreviation: ILO, I.L.O.
  • international trade organization — a now defunct organization whose original purpose was to regulate international trade. Its mandate is now under the World Trade Organization.
  • internet message access protocol — (protocol, messaging)   (IMAP) A protocol allowing a client to access and manipulate electronic mail messages on a server. It permits manipulation of remote message folders (mailboxes), in a way that is functionally equivalent to local mailboxes. IMAP includes operations for creating, deleting, and renaming mailboxes; checking for new messages; permanently removing messages; searching; and selective fetching of message attributes, texts, and portions thereof. It does not specify a means of posting mail; this function is handled by a mail transfer protocol such as SMTP. See RFC 2060, RFC 2061, and others. Compare: POP.
  • internet research steering group — (body, standard)   (IRSG) The "governing body" of the Internet Research Task Force.
  • irvine research unit in software — (body)   (IRUS) The University of California, Irvine.
  • joint photographic experts group — (image, body, file format, standard)   (JPEG) The original name of the committee that designed the standard image compression algorithm. JPEG is designed for compressing either full-colour or grey-scale digital images of "natural", real-world scenes. It does not work so well on non-realistic images, such as cartoons or line drawings. JPEG does not handle compression of black-and-white (1 bit-per-pixel) images or moving pictures. Standards for compressing those types of images are being worked on by other committees, named JBIG and MPEG. See also PJPEG.
  • junction field effect transistor — (electronics)   (JFET, Junction FET) A Field Effect Transistor in which the conducting channel lies between pn junctions in the silicon material. A pn junction acts as a diode, so it becomes conductive if the gate voltage gets reversed.
  • knights of st. john of jerusalem — a member of the religious and military order (Knights Hospitalers or Knights of St. John of Jerusalem) originating about the time of the first Crusade (1096–99) and taking its name from a hospital at Jerusalem.
  • linear fractional transformation — a map of the complex plane to itself in which a point z is mapped to a point w by w = (az + b)/(cz + d), where a, b, c, and d are complex numbers and ad − bc does not equal zero.
  • lymphadenopathy-associated virus — See under AIDS virus. Abbreviation: LAV.
  • lymphokine-activated killer cell — LAK cell.
  • manager of business applications — (job)   A person who plans and oversees multiple projects and project managers. He works with the CIO and senior management to determine systems development strategy and standards. He administers the department budget and reviews project managers.
  • manufacturers' recommended price — the retail price that a manufacturer recommends for selling their product
  • microsoft data access components — (database)   (MDAC) Microsoft's umbrella term for their ActiveX Data Objects (ADO), OLE DB, and Open Database Connectivity (ODBC) libraries. Together, these provide access to a variety of data sources, both relational (SQL) and nonrelational. MDAC is the technology that supports Universal Data Access, Microsoft's strategy for providing access to information across the enterprise.
  • mount rushmore national memorial — Mount, a peak in the Black Hills of South Dakota that is a memorial (Mount Rushmore National Memorial) having 60-foot (18-meter) busts of Washington, Jefferson, Lincoln, and Theodore Roosevelt, carved into its face between 1927 and 1941, from a design by and under the direction of Gutzon Borglum. 5600 feet (1707 meters).
  • national gas transmission system — A national gas transmission system is a system for distributing gas of a particular calorific value and safety level around a country.
  • national industrial recovery act — an act of Congress (1933, declared unconstitutional in 1936) that enabled the president and the National Recovery Administration to formulate and execute measures for reducing industrial unemployment. Abbreviation: NIRA, N.I.R.A.
  • national insurance contributions — the payments someone makes towards their national insurance, usually taken from their salary by their employer before the salary is paid to the person
  • national recovery administration — NRA.
  • network extensible window system — (NeWS) An elegant PostScript-based windowing environment, invented by James Gosling, the author of GOSMACS. NeWS would almost certainly have won the standards war with the X Window System if it hadn't been proprietary to Sun Microsystems. There is a lesson here that too many software vendors haven't yet heeded. Communication is based on PostScript and server functions can be extended. See also HyperNeWS, OpenWindows.
  • nondeterministic polynomial time — (complexity)   (NP) A set or property of computational decision problems solvable by a nondeterministic Turing Machine in a number of steps that is a polynomial function of the size of the input. The word "nondeterministic" suggests a method of generating potential solutions using some form of nondeterminism or "trial and error". This may take exponential time as long as a potential solution can be verified in polynomial time. NP is obviously a superset of P (polynomial time problems solvable by a deterministic Turing Machine in polynomial time) since a deterministic algorithm can be considered as a degenerate form of nondeterministic algorithm. The question then arises: is NP equal to P? I.e. can every problem in NP actually be solved in polynomial time? Everyone's first guess is "no", but no one has managed to prove this; and some very clever people think the answer is "yes". If a problem A is in NP and a polynomial time algorithm for A could also be used to solve problem B in polynomial time, then B is also in NP. See also Co-NP, NP-complete.
  • office of defense transportation — the World War II federal agency (1941–45) that regulated the transport over public routes of goods considered vital to the war effort. Abbreviation: ODT.
  • on pain of sth/under pain of sth — If someone is ordered not to do something on pain of or under pain of death, imprisonment, or arrest, they will be killed, put in prison, or arrested if they do it.
  • open document interchange format — (standard)   (ODIF) Part of the ODA standard.
  • oracle co-operative applications — (tool, product)   Packaged client/server software from Oracle for accounting, manufacturing, distribution, human resources and project control.
  • orbiting geophysical observatory — OGO.
  • password authentication protocol — (networking)   (PAP) An authentication scheme used by PPP servers to validate the identity of the originator of the connection. PAP applies a two-way handshaking procedure. After the link is established the originator sends an id-password pair to the server. If authentication succeeds the server sends back an acknowledgement; otherwise it either terminates the connection or gives the originator another chance. PAP is not a strong authentication method. Passwords are sent over the circuit "in the clear" and there is no protection against playback or repeated "trial and error" attacks. The originator is in total control of the frequency and timing of the attempts. Therefore, any server that can use a stronger authentication method, such as CHAP, will offer to negotiate that method prior to PAP. The use of PAP is appropriate, however, if a plaintext password must be available to simulate a login at a remote host. PAP is defined in RFC 1334.
  • plesiochronous digital hierarchy — (communications)   (PDH) A transmission system for voice communication using plesiochronous synchronisation. PDH is the conventional multiplexing technology for network transmission systems. The transmitter adds dummy information bits to allow multiple channels to be bit interleaved. The receiver discards these bits once the signals have been demultiplexed. PDH combines multiple 2 Mb/s (E1) channels in Europe and 1.544 Mb/s (DS1) channels in the US and Japan. PDH is being replaced by SONET and other SDH (Synchronous Digital Hierarchy) schemes.
  • point-to-point protocol over atm — (networking)   (PPPoA) A network protocol for encapsulating PPP frames in ATM AAL5. It is used mainly with cable modem, DSL and ADSL services. PPPoA offers standard PPP features such as authentication, encryption, and compression. It is very slightly more efficient than PPPoE and, like PPPoE, supports VC-MUX and LLC encapsulation. PPPoA is specified in RFC 2364.
  • portable common tool environment — (tool)   (PCTE) An ECMA standard framework for software tools developed in the Esprit programme. It is based on an entity-relationship Object Management System and defines the way in which tools access this.
  • probability of failure on demand — (systems)   (POFOD) The likelihood that some system will fail when a service request is made.
  • professional liability insurance — Professional liability insurance is insurance for a company or a professional person against claims or financial losses that may occur as a result of their negligence.
  • put something on the long finger — to postpone something for a long time
  • queen mary and westfield college — (QMW) One of the largest of the multi-faculty schools of the University of London. QMW has some 6000 students and over 600 teaching and research staff organised into seven faculties. QMW was one of the first colleges in the University of London to develop fully the course-unit, or modular, approach to degree programmes. Cross faculty courses are encouraged and the physical proximity of all the College buildings is a major factor in enabling students to adopt an interdisciplinary approach to their studies.
  • real-time common design language — (language)   (RT-CDL) A real-time language for the design of reliable reactive systems.
  • reduced instruction set computer — (processor)   (RISC) A processor whose design is based on the rapid execution of a sequence of simple instructions rather than on the provision of a large variety of complex instructions (as in a Complex Instruction Set Computer). Features which are generally found in RISC designs are uniform instruction encoding (e.g. the op-code is always in the same bit positions in each instruction which is always one word long), which allows faster decoding; a homogenous register set, allowing any register to be used in any context and simplifying compiler design; and simple addressing modes with more complex modes replaced by sequences of simple arithmetic instructions. Examples of (more or less) RISC processors are the Berkeley RISC, HP-PA, Clipper, i960, AMD 29000, MIPS R2000 and DEC Alpha. IBM's first RISC computer was the RT/PC (IBM 801), they now produce the RISC-based RISC System/6000 and SP/2 lines. Despite Apple Computer's bogus claims for their PowerPC-based Macintoshes, the first RISC processor used in a personal computer was the Advanced RISC Machine (ARM) used in the Acorn Archimedes.
  • rene theophile hyacinthe laennec — René Théophile Hyacinthe [ruh-ney tey-aw-feel ya-sant] /rəˈneɪ teɪ ɔˈfil yaˈsɛ̃t/ (Show IPA), 1781–1826, French physician who invented the stethoscope.
  • representation language language — (language)   (RLL) A frame language.
  • resource access control facility — (RACF) IBM's large system security product. It originally ran only under MVS but has since been ported to run under VM.
  • saint bartholomew's day massacre — a massacre of over 3000 Huguenots, instigated by Catherine de Médicis and begun in Paris on St. Bartholomew's Day, August 24, 1572.
  • securities and investments board — (from 1986 to 1997) a British regulatory body that oversaw London's financial markets, each of which has its own self-regulatory organization: replaced by the Financial Services Authority
  • single instruction multiple data — Single Instruction/Multiple Data
  • software engineering environment — (SEE) A set of management and technical tools to support software development, usually integrated in a coherent framework; equivalent to an IPSE.
  • software practice and experience — (publication)   (SPE) A journal about software.
  • south ossetian autonomous region — an autonomous region of the Georgian Republic, in the N part. 1428 sq. mi. (3900 sq. km). Capital: Tskhinvali.
  • standing settlement instructions — Standing settlement instructions are instructions that have been agreed in advance, and that are to be used every time a trade is made.
  • sweep something under the carpet — to conceal (something, esp a problem) in the hope that it will be overlooked by others
  • systems application architecture — (programming)   (SAA) IBM's family of standard interfaces which enable software to be written independently of hardware and operating system.
  • take one's courage in both hands — to nerve oneself to perform an action
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