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16-letter words containing n, o, c, e

  • low-carbon steel — steel containing between 0.04 and 0.25 per cent carbon
  • lower california — Baja California.
  • luncheon voucher — a voucher worth a specified amount issued to employees and redeemable at a restaurant for food
  • lz77 compression — The first algorithm to use the Lempel-Ziv substitutional compression schemes, proposed in 1977. LZ77 compression keeps track of the last n bytes of data seen, and when a phrase is encountered that has already been seen, it outputs a pair of values corresponding to the position of the phrase in the previously-seen buffer of data, and the length of the phrase. In effect the compressor moves a fixed-size "window" over the data (generally referred to as a "sliding window"), with the position part of the (position, length) pair referring to the position of the phrase within the window. The most commonly used algorithms are derived from the LZSS scheme described by James Storer and Thomas Szymanski in 1982. In this the compressor maintains a window of size N bytes and a "lookahead buffer", the contents of which it tries to find a match for in the window: while (lookAheadBuffer not empty) { get a pointer (position, match) to the longest match in the window for the lookahead buffer; if (length > MINIMUM_MATCH_LENGTH) { output a (position, length) pair; shift the window length characters along; } else { output the first character in the lookahead buffer; shift the window 1 character along; } } Decompression is simple and fast: whenever a (POSITION, LENGTH) pair is encountered, go to that POSITION in the window and copy LENGTH bytes to the output. Sliding-window-based schemes can be simplified by numbering the input text characters mod N, in effect creating a circular buffer. The sliding window approach automatically creates the LRU effect which must be done explicitly in LZ78 schemes. Variants of this method apply additional compression to the output of the LZSS compressor, which include a simple variable-length code (LZB), dynamic Huffman coding (LZH), and Shannon-Fano coding (ZIP 1.x), all of which result in a certain degree of improvement over the basic scheme, especially when the data are rather random and the LZSS compressor has little effect. An algorithm was developed which combines the ideas behind LZ77 and LZ78 to produce a hybrid called LZFG. LZFG uses the standard sliding window, but stores the data in a modified trie data structure and produces as output the position of the text in the trie. Since LZFG only inserts complete *phrases* into the dictionary, it should run faster than other LZ77-based compressors. All popular archivers (arj, lha, zip, zoo) are variations on LZ77.
  • lz78 compression — A substitutional compression scheme which works by entering phrases into a dictionary and then, when a reoccurrence of that particular phrase is found, outputting the dictionary index instead of the phrase. Several algorithms are based on this principle, differing mainly in the manner in which they manage the dictionary. The most well-known Lempel-Ziv scheme is Terry Welch's Lempel-Ziv Welch variant of LZ78.
  • machine moulding — the process of making moulds and cores for castings by mechanical means, usually by compacting the moulding sand by vibration instead of by ramming down
  • machine operator — someone who operates mechanical equipment
  • macpherson strut — an automobile suspension-system component that consists of a strut combined with a spring and shock absorber and connects the wheel to the frame of the vehicle.
  • macroenvironment — (biology) The large-scale and long-term environment and conditions that affect an organism.
  • macrorestriction — In physical gene mapping, the digestion of DNA of high molecular weight with a restriction enzyme having a low number of restriction sites.
  • magazine section — a magazinelike section in the Sunday editions of many newspapers, containing articles rather than news items and often letters, reviews, stories, puzzles, etc.
  • magellanic cloud — either of two irregular galactic clusters in the southern heavens that are the nearest independent star system to the Milky Way.
  • magnesiochromite — (mineral) A chromite species with the formula MgCr2O4.
  • magnetic anomaly — a departure from the normal magnetic field of the earth.
  • magnetic compass — a compass having a magnetized needle generally in line with the magnetic poles of the earth.
  • magnetic equator — aclinic line.
  • magneto-electric — of or relating to the induction of electric current or electromotive force by means of permanent magnets.
  • magnetoacoustics — (used with a singular verb) the branch of physics studying the effects of magnetism on acoustics or their interaction.
  • magnetochemistry — the study of magnetic and chemical phenomena in their relation to one another.
  • magnetoreceptors — Plural form of magnetoreceptor.
  • magnetostriction — a change in dimensions exhibited by ferromagnetic materials when subjected to a magnetic field.
  • magnetostrictive — Of or pertaining to magnetostriction.
  • maine coon (cat) — any of a breed of domestic cat, thought to have been developed in Maine, with a thick, smooth, silky coat and a bushy tail
  • make a complaint — If a guest makes a complaint, they express their dissatisfaction with something.
  • malcontentedness — not satisfied or content with currently prevailing conditions or circumstances.
  • man of the cloth — a clergyman or other ecclesiastic.
  • man on horseback — a military leader who presents himself as the savior of the country during a period of crisis and either assumes or threatens to assume dictatorial powers.
  • manic depression — bipolar disorder.
  • maritime command — the naval branch of the Canadian armed forces
  • marsh cinquefoil — a variety of cinquefoil, Potentilla palustris, that grows in marshy areas
  • mass destruction — devastation on a large scale
  • mechanochemistry — the field of chemistry that deals with the direct conversion of chemical into mechanical energy.
  • mechanoreception — The action of a mechanoreceptor.
  • mechanoreceptive — Responsive to mechanical stimuli such as sound and touch.
  • mechanoreceptors — Plural form of mechanoreceptor.
  • medieval cornish — the Cornish language of the Middle Ages, usually dated from the 14th century to 1600.
  • megacorporations — Plural form of megacorporation.
  • megalomaniacally — In a megalomaniacal manner.
  • melodic interval — an intervening period of time: an interval of 50 years.
  • memoria technica — a method or device for assisting the memory
  • meningomyelocele — (medicine) A congenital defect of the central nervous system of infants in which membranes and the spinal cord protrude through an opening or defect in the vertebral column.
  • mercator sailing — sailing according to rhumb lines, which appear as straight lines on a Mercator chart.
  • merchant account — A merchant account is a type of bank account that allows a company to accept credit cards.
  • meretriciousness — alluring by a show of flashy or vulgar attractions; tawdry.
  • mexican standoff — a stalemate or impasse; a confrontation that neither side can win.
  • microaggressions — Plural form of microaggression.
  • microconstituent — a microscopically small constituent of a metal or alloy.
  • microcrystalline — minutely crystalline; composed of microscopic crystals.
  • microelectronics — the technology dealing with the design, development, and construction of electronic systems utilizing extremely small elements, especially solid-state devices employing microminiaturization.
  • microencapsulate — (transitive) To embed by means of microencapsulation.
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