for preformated text, 
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 for headings. Most systems will ignore the case of tags and attributes but lower case should be used for compatibility with XHTML. The web Consortium (W3C) is the international standards body for HTML. See also weblint.  
 idealized instruction set — (language)   (IIS) The assembly language for the Flagship parallel machine. 
 
 immediate-release coating — An immediate-release coating is a tablet coating that breaks down immediately in the body. 
 
 immigration border patrol — (in the US) a law enforcement agency responsible for issues regarding border laws and immigration 
 
 implicit function theorem — a theorem that gives conditions under which a function written in implicit form can be written in explicit form. 
 
 in (or out of) character — consistent with (or inconsistent with) the role or general character 
 
 in raptures/into raptures — If you are in raptures or go into raptures about something, you are extremely impressed by it and enthusiastic about it. 
 
 in the foreseeable future — If you say that something will happen in the foreseeable future you mean that you think it will happen fairly soon. 
 
 indirect characterization — the process by which the personality of a fictitious character is revealed through the character's speech, actions, appearance, etc. 
 
 industrial injury benefit — money paid to an employee who has been injured or who has developed a disease because of their job, and who is consequently unable to work 
 
 industrial life insurance — life insurance having a relatively low face value in which premiums are paid weekly or monthly to an agent. 
 
 industrial rehabilitation — the treatment of people who have acquired a disability or disease during the course of their work, with the aim of allowing them to return to work or to a new job 
 
 industrial robot language — (language, robotics)   (IRL) A high-level language for programming industrial robots. 
 
 infantry fighting vehicle — a heavily armored combat vehicle, as a tank, used to carry infantry into battle and provide support. Abbreviation: IFV. 
 
 infinite impulse response — (electronics, DSP)   A type of digital signal filter, in which every sample of output is the weighted sum of past and current samples of input, using all past samples, but the weights of past samples are an inverse function of the sample age, approaching zero for old samples. 
 
 infrared data association — (standard, body)   (IrDA) A non-profit trade association providing standards to ensure the quality and interoperability of infrared (IR) hardware. The association currently has a membership of over 160 companies from around the world, representing computer and telecommunications hardware, software, components and adapters. IrDA typically uses direct infrared i.e. point-to-point, line-of-sight, one-to-one communications. The standards include: IrDA Data (SIR, FIR, VFIR), IrDA Control, and AIR. Ports built to the above standards can be found in products such as PDAs, Palm devices, printers, desktop adapters, notebooks, and digital cameras. 
 
 instruction set processor — (language)   (ISP) A family of languages for describing the instruction sets of computers. 
 
 instrumental conditioning — conditioning (def 1). 
 
 interactive data language — (IDL) A commercial array-oriented language with numerical analysis and display features, first released in 1977. It supports interactive reduction, analysis, and visualisation of scientific data. It is sold by Research Systems, Inc. Version: 3.6.1 runs under Unix, MS-DOS, MS Windows, VAX/VMS and Macintosh. Not to be confused with any of the other IDLs. E-mail: <[email protected]>. 
 
 intercommunication system — a communication system within a building, ship, airplane, local area, etc., with a loudspeaker or receiver for listening and a microphone for speaking at each of two or more points. 
 
 interior gateway protocol — (IGP) An Internet protocol which distributes routing information to the routers within an autonomous system. The term "gateway" is historical, "router" is currently the preferred term. See also Exterior Gateway Protocol, Open Shortest Path First, Routing Information Protocol. 
 
 interlocking directorates — a corporate directorate that includes one or more members who serve simultaneously in the directorates of other corporations. 
 
 intermediate vector boson — one of the three particles that are believed to transmit the weak force: the positively charged W particle, the negatively charged W particle, and the neutral Z 0 particle. 
 
 intermittent claudication — pain and cramp in the calf muscles, aggravated by walking and caused by an insufficient supply of blood 
 
 internal field separators — (operating system)   ($IFS) A predefined environment variable in the Unix Bourne shell whose default value is the three-character string containing space, tab and line feed. Any string of one or more of these characters separates the command and each of its arguments in a command line. $IFS also tells the shell's built-in read command where to split an input line when reading into multiple variables. E.g. setting IFS=: would be appropriate for reading a file with ':'-separated fields, such as /etc/passwd. 
 
 international atomic time — a system of measuring time based on atomic clocks that measure the second as the basic unit of time in the International System of Units (SI). Abbreviation: IAT. 
 
 international match point — a unit of scoring in contract bridge tournaments held in Europe. Abbreviation: IMP. 
 
 internet service provider — (company, networking)   (ISP) A company which provides other companies or individuals with access to, or presence on, the Internet. Most ISPs are also Internet Access Providers; extra services include help with design, creation and administration of websites, training and administration of intranets and domain name registration. 
 
 interstate highway system — a network of U.S. highways connecting the 48 contiguous states and most of the cities with populations above 50,000, begun in the 1950s and estimated to carry about a fifth of the nation's traffic. 
 
 japanese flowering cherry — any of various ornamental hybrid cherry trees developed in Japan, having white or pink blossoms and inedible fruit. 
 
 java run-time environment — (language)   (JRE) The part of the Java Development Kit required to run Java programs. The JRE consists of the Java Virtual Machine, the Java platform core classes and supporting files. It does not include the compiler, debugger or other tools present in the JDK. The JRE is the smallest set of executables and files that constitute the standard Java platform. 
 
 jean-maurice-Émile baudot — (person)   (1845-1903) The inventor of the Baudot code. Baudot joined the French Post & Telegraph Administration in 1869 as a telegraph operator. In his own time he developed a code for sending several messages at once. In 1874 Baudot patented his first printing telegraph where signals were translated onto paper tape. The Baudot code was adopted first in France and then by other nations for  and  transmissions. The unit of transmission speed, baud, is named after him. 
 
 kabardino-balkar republic — a constituent republic of S Russia, on the N side of the Caucasus Mountains. Capital: Nalchik. Pop: 900 500 (2002). Area: 12 500 sq km (4825 sq miles) 
 
 keep an ear to the ground — If you keep or have your ear to the ground, you make sure that you find out about the things that people are doing or saying. 
 
 kent recursive calculator — (language)   (KRC) A lazy functional language developed by David Turner in 1981, based on SASL, with pattern matching and ZF expressions. See also continental drift. 
 
 khakass autonomous region — an autonomous region in the Russian Federation, in S Siberia. 19,161 sq. mi. (49,627 sq. km). Capital: Abakan. 
 
 knock-for-knock agreement — an agreement between vehicle insurers that in the event of an accident each will pay for the damage to the vehicle insured with him without attempting to establish blame for the accident 
 
 konigsberg bridge problem — a mathematical problem in graph theory, solved by Leonhard Euler, to show that it is impossible to cross all seven bridges of the Prussian city of Königsberg in a continuous path without recrossing any bridge. 
 
 kwantung leased territory — a strategic territory of NE China, at the S tip of the Liaodong Peninsula of Manchuria: leased forcibly by Russia in 1898; taken over by Japan in 1905; occupied by the Soviet Union in 1945 and subsequently returned to China on the condition of shared administration; made part of Liaoning province by China in 1954. Area: about 3400 sq km (1300 sq miles) 
 
 language sensitive editor — (LSE) A language-sensitive editor from DEC. 
 
 language-sensitive editor — An editor that is aware of the syntactic, semantic and in some cases the structural rules of a specific programming language and provides a framework for the user to enter source code. Programs or changes to previously stored programs are incrementally parsed into an abstract syntax tree and automatically checked for correctness. 
 
 lead down the garden path — a plot of ground, usually near a house, where flowers, shrubs, vegetables, fruits, or herbs are cultivated.