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16-letter words containing n, e, o, r

  • low-carbon steel — steel containing between 0.04 and 0.25 per cent carbon
  • lower california — Baja California.
  • lower lough erne — a lough in Northern Ireland, fed by the river Erne
  • lower palatinate — See under Palatinate (def 1).
  • luncheon voucher — a voucher worth a specified amount issued to employees and redeemable at a restaurant for food
  • lz77 compression — The first algorithm to use the Lempel-Ziv substitutional compression schemes, proposed in 1977. LZ77 compression keeps track of the last n bytes of data seen, and when a phrase is encountered that has already been seen, it outputs a pair of values corresponding to the position of the phrase in the previously-seen buffer of data, and the length of the phrase. In effect the compressor moves a fixed-size "window" over the data (generally referred to as a "sliding window"), with the position part of the (position, length) pair referring to the position of the phrase within the window. The most commonly used algorithms are derived from the LZSS scheme described by James Storer and Thomas Szymanski in 1982. In this the compressor maintains a window of size N bytes and a "lookahead buffer", the contents of which it tries to find a match for in the window: while (lookAheadBuffer not empty) { get a pointer (position, match) to the longest match in the window for the lookahead buffer; if (length > MINIMUM_MATCH_LENGTH) { output a (position, length) pair; shift the window length characters along; } else { output the first character in the lookahead buffer; shift the window 1 character along; } } Decompression is simple and fast: whenever a (POSITION, LENGTH) pair is encountered, go to that POSITION in the window and copy LENGTH bytes to the output. Sliding-window-based schemes can be simplified by numbering the input text characters mod N, in effect creating a circular buffer. The sliding window approach automatically creates the LRU effect which must be done explicitly in LZ78 schemes. Variants of this method apply additional compression to the output of the LZSS compressor, which include a simple variable-length code (LZB), dynamic Huffman coding (LZH), and Shannon-Fano coding (ZIP 1.x), all of which result in a certain degree of improvement over the basic scheme, especially when the data are rather random and the LZSS compressor has little effect. An algorithm was developed which combines the ideas behind LZ77 and LZ78 to produce a hybrid called LZFG. LZFG uses the standard sliding window, but stores the data in a modified trie data structure and produces as output the position of the text in the trie. Since LZFG only inserts complete *phrases* into the dictionary, it should run faster than other LZ77-based compressors. All popular archivers (arj, lha, zip, zoo) are variations on LZ77.
  • lz78 compression — A substitutional compression scheme which works by entering phrases into a dictionary and then, when a reoccurrence of that particular phrase is found, outputting the dictionary index instead of the phrase. Several algorithms are based on this principle, differing mainly in the manner in which they manage the dictionary. The most well-known Lempel-Ziv scheme is Terry Welch's Lempel-Ziv Welch variant of LZ78.
  • machine operator — someone who operates mechanical equipment
  • macpherson strut — an automobile suspension-system component that consists of a strut combined with a spring and shock absorber and connects the wheel to the frame of the vehicle.
  • macroenvironment — (biology) The large-scale and long-term environment and conditions that affect an organism.
  • macrorestriction — In physical gene mapping, the digestion of DNA of high molecular weight with a restriction enzyme having a low number of restriction sites.
  • magnesiochromite — (mineral) A chromite species with the formula MgCr2O4.
  • magnetic equator — aclinic line.
  • magneto-electric — of or relating to the induction of electric current or electromotive force by means of permanent magnets.
  • magnetochemistry — the study of magnetic and chemical phenomena in their relation to one another.
  • magnetogenerator — magneto.
  • magnetoreceptors — Plural form of magnetoreceptor.
  • magnetoresistive — Of or pertaining to magnetoresistance.
  • magnetostriction — a change in dimensions exhibited by ferromagnetic materials when subjected to a magnetic field.
  • magnetostrictive — Of or pertaining to magnetostriction.
  • magnolia warbler — a black and yellow wood warbler, Dendroica magnolia, of North America.
  • malapportionment — (of a state or other political unit) poorly apportioned, especially divided, organized, or structured in a manner that prevents large sections of a population from having equitable representation in a legislative body.
  • man booker prize — an annual prize for a work of Commonwealth or Irish fiction of £50,000, awarded as the Booker Prize from 1969–2002
  • man of few words — man who speaks very little
  • man of the world — a man who is widely experienced in the ways of the world and people; an urbane, sophisticated man.
  • man on horseback — a military leader who presents himself as the savior of the country during a period of crisis and either assumes or threatens to assume dictatorial powers.
  • man-of-the-earth — a morning glory, Ipomoea pandurata, of eastern North America, having white flowers and a very large, tuberous root.
  • manganese bronze — an alloy that is about 55 percent copper, 40 percent zinc, and up to 3.5 percent manganese.
  • mangrove snapper — gray snapper.
  • manhood suffrage — the right of adult male citizens to vote
  • manic depression — bipolar disorder.
  • margin of safety — therapeutic index.
  • marie antoinette — Marie [muh-ree;; French ma-ree] /məˈri;; French maˈri/ (Show IPA), 1755–93, queen of France 1774–93: wife of Louis XVI.
  • marine barometer — a barometer for use on shipboard, especially one mounted on gimbals so as to minimize the effects of the motion of the vessel.
  • marine biologist — scientist who studies sea life
  • maritime command — the naval branch of the Canadian armed forces
  • marmalade orange — a bitter variety of orange suitable for making marmalade
  • marriage portion — dowry.
  • marsh cinquefoil — a variety of cinquefoil, Potentilla palustris, that grows in marshy areas
  • mass destruction — devastation on a large scale
  • mass observation — the study of the social habits of people through observation, interviews, etc
  • mechanochemistry — the field of chemistry that deals with the direct conversion of chemical into mechanical energy.
  • mechanoreception — The action of a mechanoreceptor.
  • mechanoreceptive — Responsive to mechanical stimuli such as sound and touch.
  • mechanoreceptors — Plural form of mechanoreceptor.
  • media atropatene — an ancient region in NW Iran, formerly a part of Media.
  • medieval cornish — the Cornish language of the Middle Ages, usually dated from the 14th century to 1600.
  • meet one's maker — to die
  • megacorporations — Plural form of megacorporation.
  • megaphanerophyte — any tree with a height over 30 metres
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