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18-letter words containing n, a, p, i

  • paraglyph printing — the printing of the positive and negative of a radiograph superimposed in slight misalignment to give the effect of a relief.
  • parallactic motion — the apparent motion of stars due to the earth's orbital motion.
  • parallel computing — parallel processing
  • parallel evolution — the independent development of closely corresponding adaptive features in two or more groups of organisms that occupy different but equivalent habitats, as marsupial mammals in Australia and placental mammals on other continents.
  • parallel importing — the importing of certain goods, esp pharmaceutical drugs, by dealers who undersell local manufacturers
  • parallel reduction — A form of applicative order reduction in which all redexes in an expression are reduced simultaneously. Variants include parallel outermost reduction and lenient reduction. See normal order reduction.
  • parathyroid glands — any of several small oval glands usually lying near or embedded in the thyroid gland.
  • parliamentarianism — advocacy of a parliamentary system of government.
  • partial evaluation — (compiler, algorithm)   (Or "specialisation") An optimisation technique where the compiler evaluates some subexpressions at compile-time. For example, Partial evaluation might change the termination properties of the program if, for example, the expression (x * 0) was reduced to 0 it would terminate even if x (and thus x * 0) did not. It may be necessary to reorder an expression to partially evaluate it, e.g. f x y = (x + y) + 1 g z = f 3 z If we rewrite f: f x y = (x + 1) + y then the expression x+1 becomes a constant for the function g and we can say g z = f 3 z = (3 + 1) + z = 4 + z Partial evaluation of built-in functions applied to constant arguments is known as constant folding. See also full laziness.
  • partial-vegetarian — a person who eats mostly plant foods, dairy products, and eggs, and occasionally chicken, fish, and red meat.
  • particeps criminis — an accomplice in a crime.
  • passing modulation — a modulation of a temporary nature.
  • passing-out parade — a ceremonial parade of cadets who have completed their training
  • passive euthanasia — a form of euthanasia in which medical treatment that will keep a dying patient alive for a time is withdrawn
  • passive resistance — opposition to a government or to specific governmental laws by the use of noncooperation and other nonviolent methods, as economic boycotts and protest marches.
  • pathologic anatomy — the branch of pathology dealing with the morphologic changes in tissues.
  • pattern bargaining — a collective bargaining technique in which contract terms in one settlement are used as models to be imposed on other negotiating parties within an industry.
  • payment in advance — If a business asks for payment in advance, the payment must be received in full before the goods or services are delivered.
  • pci mezzanine card — (hardware)   (PMC) A family of low profile mezzanine cards for VMEbus, Futurebus+, desktop computers and other computer systems with logical and electrical layers based on the Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) specification. PMC is defined in IEEE P1386.1 and follows the Common Mezzanine Card (CMC) mechanical specification. PCI2.0 defines a 4.2 inch by 12.3 inch board that plugs perpendicularly into a mother board.
  • peacekeeping force — a force designated to the maintenance of peace, esp the prevention of further fighting between hostile forces in an area
  • peasant proprietor — a peasant who owns land, especially the land he or she tills.
  • pectoral sandpiper — an American sandpiper, Calidris melanotos, the male of which, when courting, inflates its chest conspicuously.
  • pedestrian traffic — the people coming and going on foot in a street, town, etc
  • pellitory of spain — a small Mediterranean plant, Anacyclus pyrethrum, the root of which contains an oil formerly used to relieve toothache: family Asteraceae (composites)
  • pennsylvania dutch — the descendants of 17th- and 18th-century settlers in Pennsylvania from southwest Germany and Switzerland.
  • people trafficking — the practice of bringing immigrants into a country illegally
  • peppermint camphor — menthol.
  • percentile ranking — the percentage of scores that a particular score is greater than
  • perceptual mapping — the use of a graph or map in the development of a new product, in which the proximity of consumers' images of the new product to those of an ideal product provide an indication of the new product's likely success
  • percussion flaking — a method of forming a flint tool by striking flakes from a stone core with another stone or a piece of bone or wood.
  • perennial ryegrass — any of several European grasses of the genus Lolium, as L. perenne (perennial ryegrass) grown for forage in the U.S.
  • performance artist — an artist that is involved in a theatrical presentation that incorporates various art forms, such as dance, sculpture, music, etc
  • perlocutionary act — the action of affecting someone by uttering certain words
  • permanent resident — an immigrant who has been given official residential status, often prior to being granted citizenship
  • pernicious anaemia — Pernicious anaemia is a very severe blood disease.
  • personal assistant — aide
  • personal exemption — Your personal exemption is the amount of money that is deducted from your gross income before you have to start paying income tax.
  • personal insurance — insurance on personal risk, such as car insurance, health insurance or loss of earnings insurance
  • personal organizer — a small notebook with sections for personal information, as dates and addresses.
  • pescadores-islands — (used with a plural verb) Penghu.
  • phanerocrystalline — (of a rock) having the principal constituents in the form of crystals visible to the naked eye.
  • phantasmagorically — having a fantastic or deceptive appearance, as something in a dream or created by the imagination.
  • phantom withdrawal — the unauthorized removal of funds from a bank account using an automated teller machine
  • phase-shift keying — (communications)   (PSK) A digital modulation scheme that conveys data by changing the phase of a carrier wave. The data can either determine the absolute phase relative to the unmodulated carrier or reference signal ("coherent phase-shift keying", CPSK) or the change in phase ("differential phase-shift keying", DPSK). The number of different phases used determines the amount of data that can be transmitted in each cycle. Each cycle can be considered to constitute one "symbol", e.g. with two possible phases, each cycle carries one bit. The more phases that are used, the less tollerant to noise the transmissions becomes. Alternatives to PSK are amplitude-shift keying (ASK) and frequency-shift keying (FSK).
  • philharmonic pitch — a standard of pitch in which A above middle C is established at 440 vibrations per second.
  • phoenician juniper — a type of juniper that is found in the Mediterranean region
  • phosphatidylserine — any of a class of phospholipids occurring in biological membranes and fats
  • photoisomerization — isomerization induced by light.
  • photosensitization — to make (a material) photosensitive, as by the application of a photosensitive emulsion.
  • phthalic anhydride — a white, crystalline, slightly water-soluble solid, C 8 H 4 O 3 , used chiefly in the manufacture of dyes, alkyd resins, and plasticizers.
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