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16-letter words containing m, p, r, i

  • lymphangiography — x-ray visualization of lymph vessels and nodes following injection of a contrast medium.
  • lz77 compression — The first algorithm to use the Lempel-Ziv substitutional compression schemes, proposed in 1977. LZ77 compression keeps track of the last n bytes of data seen, and when a phrase is encountered that has already been seen, it outputs a pair of values corresponding to the position of the phrase in the previously-seen buffer of data, and the length of the phrase. In effect the compressor moves a fixed-size "window" over the data (generally referred to as a "sliding window"), with the position part of the (position, length) pair referring to the position of the phrase within the window. The most commonly used algorithms are derived from the LZSS scheme described by James Storer and Thomas Szymanski in 1982. In this the compressor maintains a window of size N bytes and a "lookahead buffer", the contents of which it tries to find a match for in the window: while (lookAheadBuffer not empty) { get a pointer (position, match) to the longest match in the window for the lookahead buffer; if (length > MINIMUM_MATCH_LENGTH) { output a (position, length) pair; shift the window length characters along; } else { output the first character in the lookahead buffer; shift the window 1 character along; } } Decompression is simple and fast: whenever a (POSITION, LENGTH) pair is encountered, go to that POSITION in the window and copy LENGTH bytes to the output. Sliding-window-based schemes can be simplified by numbering the input text characters mod N, in effect creating a circular buffer. The sliding window approach automatically creates the LRU effect which must be done explicitly in LZ78 schemes. Variants of this method apply additional compression to the output of the LZSS compressor, which include a simple variable-length code (LZB), dynamic Huffman coding (LZH), and Shannon-Fano coding (ZIP 1.x), all of which result in a certain degree of improvement over the basic scheme, especially when the data are rather random and the LZSS compressor has little effect. An algorithm was developed which combines the ideas behind LZ77 and LZ78 to produce a hybrid called LZFG. LZFG uses the standard sliding window, but stores the data in a modified trie data structure and produces as output the position of the text in the trie. Since LZFG only inserts complete *phrases* into the dictionary, it should run faster than other LZ77-based compressors. All popular archivers (arj, lha, zip, zoo) are variations on LZ77.
  • lz78 compression — A substitutional compression scheme which works by entering phrases into a dictionary and then, when a reoccurrence of that particular phrase is found, outputting the dictionary index instead of the phrase. Several algorithms are based on this principle, differing mainly in the manner in which they manage the dictionary. The most well-known Lempel-Ziv scheme is Terry Welch's Lempel-Ziv Welch variant of LZ78.
  • mach's principle — the proposition that there is no absolute space and that the inertia and acceleration of a body are determined by all of the matter of the universe.
  • machine operator — someone who operates mechanical equipment
  • macrolepidoptera — a collector's name for that part of the lepidoptera that comprises the butterflies and the larger moths (noctuids, geometrids, bombycids, springtails, etc): a term without taxonomic significance
  • magnetic pyrites — Mineralogy. pyrrhotite.
  • majority opinion — an opinion in a case that is shared by more than half of the members of a court
  • make a pitch for — to give verbal support to
  • malapportionment — (of a state or other political unit) poorly apportioned, especially divided, organized, or structured in a manner that prevents large sections of a population from having equitable representation in a legislative body.
  • mallowpuff māori — a Māori who is considered to behave like a white person
  • malpighian layer — the deep, germinative layer of the epidermis.
  • malpractice suit — a lawsuit brought against a professional accused of illegal or unethical practices or neglect of duty
  • mammographically — Using a mammograph, by means of mammograph.
  • man booker prize — an annual prize for a work of Commonwealth or Irish fiction of £50,000, awarded as the Booker Prize from 1969–2002
  • manic depression — bipolar disorder.
  • manic-depressive — suffering from bipolar disorder.
  • mari el republic — a constituent republic of W central Russia, in the middle Volga basin. Capital: Yoshkar-Ola. Pop: 728 000 (2002). Area: 23 200 sq km (8955 sq miles)
  • marriage partner — a person you are married to
  • marriage portion — dowry.
  • marseille prolog — (language)   One of the two main dialects of Prolog, the other being Edinburgh Prolog. The difference is largely syntax. The original Marseille Interpreter (1973) was written in Fortran.
  • marsupialization — (surgery) The surgical technique of cutting a slit into a cyst and suturing its edges to form a continuous surface from the exterior to the interior of the cyst, allowing it to drain freely.
  • matthew of paris — c1200–59, English chronicler.
  • mechanoreception — The action of a mechanoreceptor.
  • mechanoreceptive — Responsive to mechanical stimuli such as sound and touch.
  • media atropatene — an ancient region in NW Iran, formerly a part of Media.
  • megacorporations — Plural form of megacorporation.
  • megasporogenesis — the formation and development of megaspores.
  • menippean satire — a form of satire that is indirect and nonrealistic in approach and that consists typically of a loosely organized narrative incorporating a series of dialogues between representatives of various points of view
  • menstrual period — the bleeding from the womb that occurs approximately monthly in nonpregnant women of reproductive age
  • mercantile paper — commercial paper.
  • metamorphization — Process or action of metamorphizing.
  • metamorphosising — Present participle of metamorphosise.
  • methyl parathion — a synthetic pesticide, C 8 H 1 0 NO 5 PS, used in the control of mites and various insects, as aphids, boll weevils, and cutworms.
  • microangiopathic — Of, pertaining to or accompanied by microangiopathy.
  • microencapsulate — (transitive) To embed by means of microencapsulation.
  • microenterprises — Plural form of microenterprise.
  • microgametophyte — (biology) Any gametophyte that develops from a microspore.
  • microlepidoptera — a collector's name for the smaller moths: a term without taxonomic significance
  • micromanipulator — A device, used for micromanipulation, consisting of microscopic needles and instruments viewed through a microscope.
  • microphotographs — Plural form of microphotograph.
  • microphotography — microfilm (def 1).
  • microphotometric — of, involving, or relating to microphotometry
  • microprogramming — microcode
  • micropropagation — the propagation of plants from tissue cultures, often from single cells.
  • microsporophylls — Plural form of microsporophyll.
  • microstethoscope — a stethoscope containing an apparatus that greatly amplifies the sounds heard.
  • mineral deposits — amounts of minerals that occur naturally in particular areas
  • miniature poodle — a breed of poodle, bred to be much smaller than standard poodles
  • misanthropically — In a misanthropic manner.
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