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19-letter words containing m, i, c, r

  • diamond ring effect — a phenomenon, sometimes observed immediately before and after a total eclipse of the sun, in which one of Baily's beads is much brighter than the others, resembling a diamond ring around the moon.
  • dictionary of names — a dictionary of given names that indicates whether a name is usually male, female, or unisex and often includes origins as well as meanings; for example, as by indicating that Evangeline, meaning “good news,” comes from Greek. Used primarily as an aid in selecting a name for a baby, dictionaries of names may also include lists of famous people who have shared a name and information about its current popularity ranking.
  • dihydrostreptomycin — an antibiotic, C 21 H 41 N 7 O 12 , derived by organic synthesis from and believed to be less toxic than streptomycin: used in the form of its sulfate chiefly in the treatment of tuberculosis.
  • dimetric projection — a type of axonometric projection in which the object is shown with two of its three principal axes tilted equally from the plane of viewing
  • direct mapped cache — (architecture)   A cache where the cache location for a given address is determined from the middle address bits. If the cache line size is 2^n then the bottom n address bits correspond to an offset within a cache entry. If the cache can hold 2^m entries then the next m address bits give the cache location. The remaining top address bits are stored as a "tag" along with the entry. In this scheme, there is no choice of which block to flush on a cache miss since there is only one place for any block to go. This simple scheme has the disadvantage that if the program alternately accesses different addresses which map to the same cache location then it will suffer a cache miss on every access to these locations. This kind of cache conflict is quite likely on a multi-processor. See also fully associative cache, set associative cache.
  • direct-vision prism — Amici prism.
  • disaster capitalism — the practice (by a government, regime, etc) of taking advantage of a major disaster to adopt liberal economic policies that the population would be less likely to accept under normal circumstances
  • discriminated union — (theory)   The discriminated union of two sets A and B is A + B = {(inA, a) | a in A} U {(inB, b)| b in B} where inA and inB are arbitrary tags which specify which summand an element originates from. A type (especially an algebraic data type) might be described as a discriminated union if it is a sum type whose objects consist of a tag to say which part of the union they belong to and a value of the corresponding type.
  • disenfranchisements — Plural form of disenfranchisement.
  • dispatch department — the department of an organization responsible for the dispatch of orders
  • displaced homemaker — a woman recently divorced, separated, or widowed after many years as a homemaker.
  • disseminated cancer — a cancerous tumour that has spread from the site of original growth to a secondary site
  • domain architecture — (systems analysis)   A generic, organisational structure or design for software systems in a domain. The domain architecture contains the designs that are intended to satisfy requirements specified in the domain model. A domain architecture can be adapted to create designs for software systems within a domain and also provides a framework for configuring assets within individual software systems.
  • dominance hierarchy — a system or set of relationships in animal groups that is based on a hierarchical ranking, usually established and maintained by behavior in aggressive encounters: one or a few members hold the highest rank and the others are submissive to those ranking higher and dominant to those ranking lower.
  • drawing-room comedy — a light, sophisticated comedy typically set in a drawing room with characters drawn from polite society.
  • dynamic translation — (architecture)   A virtual machine implementation approach, used to speed up execution of byte-code programs. To execute a program unit such as a method or a function, the virtual machine compiles its bytecodes into (hardware) machine code. The translated code is also placed in a cache, so that next time that unit's machine code can be executed immediately, without repeating the translation. This technique was pioneered by the commercial Smalltalk implementation currently known as VisualWorks, in the early 1980s. Currently it is also used by some implementations of the Java Virtual Machine under the name JIT (Just In Time compilation).
  • elastic deformation — In elastic deformation a material changes shape when a stress is applied to it but goes back to its original state when the stress is removed.
  • elastomeric closure — An elastomeric closure is a component that closes a piece of packaging. An elastomeric closure is made from a material that is able to resume its original shape when it is removed from the packaging and may be in direct contact with the drug enclosed in the pack.
  • electrohydrodynamic — (physics) Of or pertaining to electrohydrodynamics.
  • electroluminescence — Luminescence produced electrically, especially in a phosphor by the application of a voltage.
  • electromagnetically — By means of electromagnetism.
  • electromechanically — In an electromechanical way.
  • electromotive force — a source of energy that can cause a current to flow in an electrical circuit or device
  • electron micrograph — a photograph or image of a specimen taken using an electron microscope
  • electron microscope — An electron microscope is a type of very powerful microscope that uses electrons instead of light to produce a magnified image of something.
  • electron multiplier — a device for amplifying and measuring a flux of electrons. Each electron hits an anode surface and releases secondary electrons that are accelerated to a second surface; after several such stages a measurable pulse of current is obtained
  • electronic commerce — (application, communications)   (EC) The conducting of business communication and transactions over networks and through computers. As most restrictively defined, electronic commerce is the buying and selling of goods and services, and the transfer of funds, through digital communications. However EC also includes all inter-company and intra-company functions (such as marketing, finance, manufacturing, selling, and negotiation) that enable commerce and use electronic mail, EDI, file transfer, fax, video conferencing, workflow, or interaction with a remote computer. Electronic commerce also includes buying and selling over the web and the Internet, electronic funds transfer, smart cards, digital cash (e.g. Mondex), and all other ways of doing business over digital networks.
  • electronic magazine — (messaging, publication, web)   (e-zine) A regular publication on some particular topic distributed in digital form, chiefly now via the web but also by electronic mail or floppy disk. E-zines are often distributed for free by enthusiasts.
  • elementary particle — any of several entities, such as electrons, neutrons, or protons, that are less complex than atoms and are regarded as the constituents of all matter
  • endowment insurance — Endowment insurance is a type of life insurance that pays a particular sum directly to the policyholder at a stated date, or to a beneficiary if the policyholder dies before this date.
  • euclidean algorithm — Euclid's Algorithm
  • european commission — the executive body of the European Union formed in 1967, which initiates action in the EU and mediates between member governments
  • executive agreement — an agreement made between the US President and the head of a foreign state, having the effect of a treaty
  • exophthalmic goiter — a disease of unknown cause characterized by enlargement of the thyroid gland, overproduction of the thyroid hormone, and abnormal protrusion of the eyeballs
  • exophthalmic goitre — a form of hyperthyroidism characterized by enlargement of the thyroid gland, protrusion of the eyeballs, increased basal metabolic rate, and weight loss
  • experimenter effect — the influence of an experimenter's expectations on his results
  • extendible compiler — (language)   (ETC) A Fortran-like compiler that can be extended with macros.
  • family practitioner — medical specialization in general practice, requiring training beyond that of general practice and leading to board certification.
  • farmers cooperative — an organization of farmers for marketing their products or buying supplies.
  • female circumcision — clitoridectomy.
  • ferrite core memory — (storage)   (Or "core") An early form of non-volatile storage built (by hand) from tiny rings of magnetisable material threaded onto very fine wire to form large (e.g. 13"x13" or more) rectangluar arrays. Each core stored one bit of data. These were sandwiched between printed circuit boards(?). Sets of wires ran horizontally and vertically and where a vertical and horizontal wire crossed, a core had both wires threaded through it. A single core could be selected and magnetised by passing sufficient current through its horizontal and vertical wires. A core would retain its magnetisation until it was re-magnetised. The two possible polarities of magnetisation were used to represent the binary values zero and one. A third "sense" wire, passed through the core and, if the magnetisation of the core was changed, a small pulse would be induced in the sense wire which could be detected and used to deduce the core's original state. Some core memory was immersed in a bath of heated oil to improve its performance. Core memory was rendered obsolete by semiconductor memory. For example, the 1970s-era NCR 499 had two boards, each with 16 kilobytes of core memory.
  • feynman, richard p. — Richard P. Feynman
  • fixed-term contract — a contract for a particular and fixed period
  • four-o'clock family — the plant family Nyctaginaceae, characterized by chiefly tropical herbaceous plants and shrubs having colored, petallike bracts beneath petalless flowers and winged or grooved dry fruit, and including the bougainvillea and four-o'clock.
  • fractal compression — (algorithm)   A technique for encoding images using fractals.
  • francesca da rimini — Francesca da, Francesca da Rimini.
  • frederick william i — 1688–1740, king of Prussia 1713–40.
  • freedom of the city — nominal citizenship in a city, conferred as an honor upon important visitors.
  • from rags to riches — a worthless piece of cloth, especially one that is torn or worn.
  • gastrocolic omentum — the peritoneal fold attached to the stomach and the colon and hanging over the small intestine.
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