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16-letter words containing i, s, r

  • lightning strike — A lightning strike is a strike in which workers stop work suddenly and without any warning, in order to protest about something.
  • lightning stroke — a discharge of lightning between a cloud and the earth, esp one that causes damage
  • like gangbusters — a law-enforcement officer who specializes in breaking up organized crime, often by forceful or sensational means.
  • lines per minute — (unit)   (lpm) A unit used to measure line printer throughput.
  • linux user group — (body, operating system)   (LUG) Any organisation of Linux users in a local area, university, etc., that offers mutual technical support, companionship with people of similar interests and promotes the use of Linux among computer users generally. LUGs often hold Install Fests for the general public, in which experienced Linux users explain and supervise the installation of Linux on new users' systems.
  • lissajous figure — the series of plane curves traced by an object executing two mutually perpendicular harmonic motions.
  • listen to reason — be persuaded
  • literalistically — adherence to the exact letter or the literal sense, as in translation or interpretation: to interpret the law with uncompromising literalism.
  • lithium stearate — a white, crystalline, slightly water-soluble powder, LiC 18 H 35 O 2 , used chiefly in cosmetics, in plastics, and as a lubricant in powder metallurgy.
  • liver of sulphur — a mixture of potassium sulphides used as a fungicide and insecticide and in the treatment of skin diseases
  • living standards — standard of living; material quality of life
  • lizard peninsula — a promontory in SW England, in SW Cornwall: the southernmost point in Great Britain
  • lloyd's register — a publication, issued annually by Lloyd's, consisting of a list of all of the world's seagoing vessels and including such information as their age, tonnage, and classification.
  • loan translation — the process whereby a compound word or expression is created by literal translation of each of the elements of a compound word or expression in another language, as marriage of convenience from French mariage de convenance.
  • local oscillator — the oscillator in a superheterodyne receiver whose output frequency is mixed with the incoming modulated radio-frequency carrier signal to produce the required intermediate frequency
  • lord howe island — an island in the S Pacific, E of Australia: a dependency of New South Wales. 5 sq. mi. (13 sq. km).
  • lords-and-ladies — (used with a singular verb) cuckoopint.
  • lose one's shirt — a long- or short-sleeved garment for the upper part of the body, usually lightweight and having a collar and a front opening.
  • lost river range — a mountain range in E central Idaho. Highest peak, Borah Peak (also highest in the state), 12,662 feet (3862 meters).
  • louise bourgeois — Léon Victor Auguste [ley-awn veek-tawr oh-gyst] /leɪˈɔ̃ vikˈtɔr oʊˈgyst/ (Show IPA), 1851–1925, French statesman: Nobel Peace Prize 1920.
  • louisiana french — French as spoken in Louisiana; Cajun. Abbreviation: LaF.
  • lumberjack shirt — a thick checked shirt, as worn by lumberjacks
  • lz77 compression — The first algorithm to use the Lempel-Ziv substitutional compression schemes, proposed in 1977. LZ77 compression keeps track of the last n bytes of data seen, and when a phrase is encountered that has already been seen, it outputs a pair of values corresponding to the position of the phrase in the previously-seen buffer of data, and the length of the phrase. In effect the compressor moves a fixed-size "window" over the data (generally referred to as a "sliding window"), with the position part of the (position, length) pair referring to the position of the phrase within the window. The most commonly used algorithms are derived from the LZSS scheme described by James Storer and Thomas Szymanski in 1982. In this the compressor maintains a window of size N bytes and a "lookahead buffer", the contents of which it tries to find a match for in the window: while (lookAheadBuffer not empty) { get a pointer (position, match) to the longest match in the window for the lookahead buffer; if (length > MINIMUM_MATCH_LENGTH) { output a (position, length) pair; shift the window length characters along; } else { output the first character in the lookahead buffer; shift the window 1 character along; } } Decompression is simple and fast: whenever a (POSITION, LENGTH) pair is encountered, go to that POSITION in the window and copy LENGTH bytes to the output. Sliding-window-based schemes can be simplified by numbering the input text characters mod N, in effect creating a circular buffer. The sliding window approach automatically creates the LRU effect which must be done explicitly in LZ78 schemes. Variants of this method apply additional compression to the output of the LZSS compressor, which include a simple variable-length code (LZB), dynamic Huffman coding (LZH), and Shannon-Fano coding (ZIP 1.x), all of which result in a certain degree of improvement over the basic scheme, especially when the data are rather random and the LZSS compressor has little effect. An algorithm was developed which combines the ideas behind LZ77 and LZ78 to produce a hybrid called LZFG. LZFG uses the standard sliding window, but stores the data in a modified trie data structure and produces as output the position of the text in the trie. Since LZFG only inserts complete *phrases* into the dictionary, it should run faster than other LZ77-based compressors. All popular archivers (arj, lha, zip, zoo) are variations on LZ77.
  • lz78 compression — A substitutional compression scheme which works by entering phrases into a dictionary and then, when a reoccurrence of that particular phrase is found, outputting the dictionary index instead of the phrase. Several algorithms are based on this principle, differing mainly in the manner in which they manage the dictionary. The most well-known Lempel-Ziv scheme is Terry Welch's Lempel-Ziv Welch variant of LZ78.
  • mach's principle — the proposition that there is no absolute space and that the inertia and acceleration of a body are determined by all of the matter of the universe.
  • maclaurin series — a Taylor series in which the reference point is zero.
  • macro-linguistic — a field of study concerned with language in its broadest sense and including cultural and behavioral features associated with language.
  • macroinstruction — macro (def 5).
  • macrolinguistics — a field of study concerned with language in its broadest sense and including cultural and behavioral features associated with language.
  • macrorestriction — In physical gene mapping, the digestion of DNA of high molecular weight with a restriction enzyme having a low number of restriction sites.
  • magnesiochromite — (mineral) A chromite species with the formula MgCr2O4.
  • magnetic pyrites — Mineralogy. pyrrhotite.
  • magnetochemistry — the study of magnetic and chemical phenomena in their relation to one another.
  • magnetoresistive — Of or pertaining to magnetoresistance.
  • magnetostriction — a change in dimensions exhibited by ferromagnetic materials when subjected to a magnetic field.
  • magnetostrictive — Of or pertaining to magnetostriction.
  • mail-order house — a retail firm that conducts its business by receiving orders and shipping its merchandise through the mail and that supplies its customers with catalogs, circulars, etc.
  • mainstream media — newspapers, magazines, television, and radio, as opposed to social media
  • malpractice suit — a lawsuit brought against a professional accused of illegal or unethical practices or neglect of duty
  • man-eating shark — any shark known to attack humans, especially the great white shark, Carcharodon carcharias.
  • managerial staff — staff in positions of management
  • mandarin chinese — the official language of China since 1917; the form of Chinese spoken by about two thirds of the population and taught in schools throughout China
  • manic depression — bipolar disorder.
  • manic-depressive — suffering from bipolar disorder.
  • mare serenitatis — (Sea of Serenity) a dark plain in the first quadrant of the face of the moon: about 120,000 sq. mi. (310,000 sq. km).
  • margin of safety — therapeutic index.
  • marginal costing — a method of cost accounting and decision making used for internal reporting in which only marginal costs are charged to cost units and fixed costs are treated as a lump sum
  • marie de medicis — 1573–1642, queen of Henry IV of France: regent 1610–17.
  • marine biologist — scientist who studies sea life
  • marine insurance — ocean marine insurance.
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