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16-letter words containing i, s, o, m, r

  • kingdom of arles — a kingdom in SE France which had dissolved by 1378: known as the Kingdom of Burgundy until about 1200
  • kleptoparasitism — The parasitic theft of captured prey, nest material, etc. from animals of the same or another species.
  • latissimus dorsi — a broad, flat muscle on each side of the midback, the action of which draws the arm backward and downward and rotates the front of the arm toward the body.
  • law of parsimony — a principle according to which an explanation of a thing or event is made with the fewest possible assumptions.
  • light microscope — microscope (def 1).
  • lz77 compression — The first algorithm to use the Lempel-Ziv substitutional compression schemes, proposed in 1977. LZ77 compression keeps track of the last n bytes of data seen, and when a phrase is encountered that has already been seen, it outputs a pair of values corresponding to the position of the phrase in the previously-seen buffer of data, and the length of the phrase. In effect the compressor moves a fixed-size "window" over the data (generally referred to as a "sliding window"), with the position part of the (position, length) pair referring to the position of the phrase within the window. The most commonly used algorithms are derived from the LZSS scheme described by James Storer and Thomas Szymanski in 1982. In this the compressor maintains a window of size N bytes and a "lookahead buffer", the contents of which it tries to find a match for in the window: while (lookAheadBuffer not empty) { get a pointer (position, match) to the longest match in the window for the lookahead buffer; if (length > MINIMUM_MATCH_LENGTH) { output a (position, length) pair; shift the window length characters along; } else { output the first character in the lookahead buffer; shift the window 1 character along; } } Decompression is simple and fast: whenever a (POSITION, LENGTH) pair is encountered, go to that POSITION in the window and copy LENGTH bytes to the output. Sliding-window-based schemes can be simplified by numbering the input text characters mod N, in effect creating a circular buffer. The sliding window approach automatically creates the LRU effect which must be done explicitly in LZ78 schemes. Variants of this method apply additional compression to the output of the LZSS compressor, which include a simple variable-length code (LZB), dynamic Huffman coding (LZH), and Shannon-Fano coding (ZIP 1.x), all of which result in a certain degree of improvement over the basic scheme, especially when the data are rather random and the LZSS compressor has little effect. An algorithm was developed which combines the ideas behind LZ77 and LZ78 to produce a hybrid called LZFG. LZFG uses the standard sliding window, but stores the data in a modified trie data structure and produces as output the position of the text in the trie. Since LZFG only inserts complete *phrases* into the dictionary, it should run faster than other LZ77-based compressors. All popular archivers (arj, lha, zip, zoo) are variations on LZ77.
  • lz78 compression — A substitutional compression scheme which works by entering phrases into a dictionary and then, when a reoccurrence of that particular phrase is found, outputting the dictionary index instead of the phrase. Several algorithms are based on this principle, differing mainly in the manner in which they manage the dictionary. The most well-known Lempel-Ziv scheme is Terry Welch's Lempel-Ziv Welch variant of LZ78.
  • macro-linguistic — a field of study concerned with language in its broadest sense and including cultural and behavioral features associated with language.
  • macroinstruction — macro (def 5).
  • macrolinguistics — a field of study concerned with language in its broadest sense and including cultural and behavioral features associated with language.
  • macrorestriction — In physical gene mapping, the digestion of DNA of high molecular weight with a restriction enzyme having a low number of restriction sites.
  • magnesiochromite — (mineral) A chromite species with the formula MgCr2O4.
  • magnetochemistry — the study of magnetic and chemical phenomena in their relation to one another.
  • magnetoresistive — Of or pertaining to magnetoresistance.
  • magnetostriction — a change in dimensions exhibited by ferromagnetic materials when subjected to a magnetic field.
  • magnetostrictive — Of or pertaining to magnetostriction.
  • mail-order house — a retail firm that conducts its business by receiving orders and shipping its merchandise through the mail and that supplies its customers with catalogs, circulars, etc.
  • manic depression — bipolar disorder.
  • margin of safety — therapeutic index.
  • marginal costing — a method of cost accounting and decision making used for internal reporting in which only marginal costs are charged to cost units and fixed costs are treated as a lump sum
  • marine biologist — scientist who studies sea life
  • marriage customs — the acts that are traditionally done in connection with a marriage
  • marseille prolog — (language)   One of the two main dialects of Prolog, the other being Edinburgh Prolog. The difference is largely syntax. The original Marseille Interpreter (1973) was written in Fortran.
  • marsh cinquefoil — a variety of cinquefoil, Potentilla palustris, that grows in marshy areas
  • marsupialization — (surgery) The surgical technique of cutting a slit into a cyst and suturing its edges to form a continuous surface from the exterior to the interior of the cyst, allowing it to drain freely.
  • mass destruction — devastation on a large scale
  • mass observation — the study of the social habits of people through observation, interviews, etc
  • matthew of paris — c1200–59, English chronicler.
  • mechanochemistry — the field of chemistry that deals with the direct conversion of chemical into mechanical energy.
  • medieval cornish — the Cornish language of the Middle Ages, usually dated from the 14th century to 1600.
  • medieval history — the branch of history dealing with the Middle Ages
  • megacorporations — Plural form of megacorporation.
  • megakaryoblastic — (cytology) Of or pertaining to a megakaryoblast.
  • megasporogenesis — the formation and development of megaspores.
  • memorial service — ceremony held in commemoration
  • menstrual period — the bleeding from the womb that occurs approximately monthly in nonpregnant women of reproductive age
  • mercator sailing — sailing according to rhumb lines, which appear as straight lines on a Mercator chart.
  • meretriciousness — alluring by a show of flashy or vulgar attractions; tawdry.
  • metamorphosising — Present participle of metamorphosise.
  • microaggressions — Plural form of microaggression.
  • microconstituent — a microscopically small constituent of a metal or alloy.
  • microcosmic salt — sodium ammonium phosphate.
  • microcrystalline — minutely crystalline; composed of microscopic crystals.
  • microelectronics — the technology dealing with the design, development, and construction of electronic systems utilizing extremely small elements, especially solid-state devices employing microminiaturization.
  • microencapsulate — (transitive) To embed by means of microencapsulation.
  • microenterprises — Plural form of microenterprise.
  • microinstruction — an instruction that defines part of a machine-language instruction in terms of simpler operations.
  • microlinguistics — the branch of linguistics that is concerned with the study of languages in the abstract, and that looks at specific linguistic data without consideration of meaning
  • micrometer screw — a screw with a fine thread of definite pitch, such as that of a micrometer gauge
  • microphotographs — Plural form of microphotograph.
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