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16-letter words containing i, n, p, l

  • linux user group — (body, operating system)   (LUG) Any organisation of Linux users in a local area, university, etc., that offers mutual technical support, companionship with people of similar interests and promotes the use of Linux among computer users generally. LUGs often hold Install Fests for the general public, in which experienced Linux users explain and supervise the installation of Linux on new users' systems.
  • lipstick lesbian — a lesbian who is feminine in manner or appearance; a femme.
  • live in the past — If you accuse someone of living in the past, you mean that they think too much about the past or believe that things are the same as they were in the past.
  • lizard peninsula — a promontory in SW England, in SW Cornwall: the southernmost point in Great Britain
  • lodgepole (pine) — a Rocky Mountain pine (Pinus contorta) used for lumber, poles, etc.
  • loop combination — A program transformation where the bodies of two loops are merged into one thus reducing the overhead of manipulating and testing the control variable and branching. Further optimisation of the merged code may then become possible. In horizontal loop combination the bodies of the loops are largely independent so only the loop overhead is saved. Vertical loop combination applies where the results of the first loop are used by the second. Combining the two allows the intermediate results to be used immediately (in registers) rather than requiring them to be stored in an array. The functional equivalent of horizontal and vertical loop combination are tupling and fusion.
  • lower palatinate — See under Palatinate (def 1).
  • lymphangiectasia — (medicine) dilation of the lymphatic vessels.
  • lymphangiectasis — Alt form lymphangiectasia.
  • lymphangiography — x-ray visualization of lymph vessels and nodes following injection of a contrast medium.
  • lz77 compression — The first algorithm to use the Lempel-Ziv substitutional compression schemes, proposed in 1977. LZ77 compression keeps track of the last n bytes of data seen, and when a phrase is encountered that has already been seen, it outputs a pair of values corresponding to the position of the phrase in the previously-seen buffer of data, and the length of the phrase. In effect the compressor moves a fixed-size "window" over the data (generally referred to as a "sliding window"), with the position part of the (position, length) pair referring to the position of the phrase within the window. The most commonly used algorithms are derived from the LZSS scheme described by James Storer and Thomas Szymanski in 1982. In this the compressor maintains a window of size N bytes and a "lookahead buffer", the contents of which it tries to find a match for in the window: while (lookAheadBuffer not empty) { get a pointer (position, match) to the longest match in the window for the lookahead buffer; if (length > MINIMUM_MATCH_LENGTH) { output a (position, length) pair; shift the window length characters along; } else { output the first character in the lookahead buffer; shift the window 1 character along; } } Decompression is simple and fast: whenever a (POSITION, LENGTH) pair is encountered, go to that POSITION in the window and copy LENGTH bytes to the output. Sliding-window-based schemes can be simplified by numbering the input text characters mod N, in effect creating a circular buffer. The sliding window approach automatically creates the LRU effect which must be done explicitly in LZ78 schemes. Variants of this method apply additional compression to the output of the LZSS compressor, which include a simple variable-length code (LZB), dynamic Huffman coding (LZH), and Shannon-Fano coding (ZIP 1.x), all of which result in a certain degree of improvement over the basic scheme, especially when the data are rather random and the LZSS compressor has little effect. An algorithm was developed which combines the ideas behind LZ77 and LZ78 to produce a hybrid called LZFG. LZFG uses the standard sliding window, but stores the data in a modified trie data structure and produces as output the position of the text in the trie. Since LZFG only inserts complete *phrases* into the dictionary, it should run faster than other LZ77-based compressors. All popular archivers (arj, lha, zip, zoo) are variations on LZ77.
  • lz78 compression — A substitutional compression scheme which works by entering phrases into a dictionary and then, when a reoccurrence of that particular phrase is found, outputting the dictionary index instead of the phrase. Several algorithms are based on this principle, differing mainly in the manner in which they manage the dictionary. The most well-known Lempel-Ziv scheme is Terry Welch's Lempel-Ziv Welch variant of LZ78.
  • mach's principle — the proposition that there is no absolute space and that the inertia and acceleration of a body are determined by all of the matter of the universe.
  • make a complaint — If a guest makes a complaint, they express their dissatisfaction with something.
  • malapportionment — (of a state or other political unit) poorly apportioned, especially divided, organized, or structured in a manner that prevents large sections of a population from having equitable representation in a legislative body.
  • malpighian layer — the deep, germinative layer of the epidermis.
  • mamihlapinatapai — A situation in which all participants want something to be done, but none want to do it.
  • manipulativeness — Quality of being manipulative.
  • marsupialization — (surgery) The surgical technique of cutting a slit into a cyst and suturing its edges to form a continuous surface from the exterior to the interior of the cyst, allowing it to drain freely.
  • menstrual period — the bleeding from the womb that occurs approximately monthly in nonpregnant women of reproductive age
  • mercantile paper — commercial paper.
  • methyl parathion — a synthetic pesticide, C 8 H 1 0 NO 5 PS, used in the control of mites and various insects, as aphids, boll weevils, and cutworms.
  • microencapsulate — (transitive) To embed by means of microencapsulation.
  • micromanipulator — A device, used for micromanipulation, consisting of microscopic needles and instruments viewed through a microscope.
  • mineral deposits — amounts of minerals that occur naturally in particular areas
  • miniature poodle — a breed of poodle, bred to be much smaller than standard poodles
  • misanthropically — In a misanthropic manner.
  • mit lisp machine — Lisp Machine
  • monopolistically — In a monopolistic manner.
  • montpelier maple — a maple, Acer monspessulanum, that is native to southern Europe and Northwest Africa
  • morris plan bank — a private banking organization, formerly common in the U.S., designed primarily to grant small loans to industrial workers.
  • moulding process — the process of shaping or compacting a material into a frame or mould
  • multi-discipline — training to act in accordance with rules; drill: military discipline.
  • multidisciplined — composed of or combining several usually separate branches of learning or fields of expertise: a multidisciplinary study of the 18th century.
  • multiple fission — fission into more than two new organisms.
  • multiple listing — the listing of a home for sale with a number of real-estate brokers who participate in a shared listing service.
  • multiplepoinding — an action to determine the division of a property or fund between several claimants, brought by or on behalf of the present holder
  • multiprogramming — multitasking
  • municipalization — (economics) The transfer of corporations or other assets to municipal ownership.
  • mutual impedance — the ratio of the potential difference between either of two pairs of terminals to the current applied at the other pair of terminals when the circuit is open.
  • myelosuppression — (medicine) A reduction of bone marrow activity that leads to a lower concentration of platelets, red blood cells and white blood cells.
  • nasal applicator — A nasal applicator is a device for administering medication through the nose.
  • neapolitan sixth — (in musical harmony) a chord composed of the subdominant of the key, plus a minor third and a minor sixth. Harmonically it is equivalent to the first inversion of a major chord built upon the flattened supertonic
  • nephrocalcinosis — (medicine) The deposition of calcium salts in the renal parenchyma due to hyperparathyroidism.
  • neuroepithelioma — Neurocytoma.
  • neurohypophysial — Relating to the neurohypophysis.
  • neuropathologies — the pathology of the nervous system.
  • neuropathologist — A specialist who practices neuropathology.
  • new philadelphia — a city in E Ohio.
  • niche publishing — publishing books that are intended for a very specialized market
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