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16-letter words containing i, n, l, e, r

  • lose one's shirt — a long- or short-sleeved garment for the upper part of the body, usually lightweight and having a collar and a front opening.
  • lost river range — a mountain range in E central Idaho. Highest peak, Borah Peak (also highest in the state), 12,662 feet (3862 meters).
  • louisiana french — French as spoken in Louisiana; Cajun. Abbreviation: LaF.
  • lower california — Baja California.
  • lower palatinate — See under Palatinate (def 1).
  • lz77 compression — The first algorithm to use the Lempel-Ziv substitutional compression schemes, proposed in 1977. LZ77 compression keeps track of the last n bytes of data seen, and when a phrase is encountered that has already been seen, it outputs a pair of values corresponding to the position of the phrase in the previously-seen buffer of data, and the length of the phrase. In effect the compressor moves a fixed-size "window" over the data (generally referred to as a "sliding window"), with the position part of the (position, length) pair referring to the position of the phrase within the window. The most commonly used algorithms are derived from the LZSS scheme described by James Storer and Thomas Szymanski in 1982. In this the compressor maintains a window of size N bytes and a "lookahead buffer", the contents of which it tries to find a match for in the window: while (lookAheadBuffer not empty) { get a pointer (position, match) to the longest match in the window for the lookahead buffer; if (length > MINIMUM_MATCH_LENGTH) { output a (position, length) pair; shift the window length characters along; } else { output the first character in the lookahead buffer; shift the window 1 character along; } } Decompression is simple and fast: whenever a (POSITION, LENGTH) pair is encountered, go to that POSITION in the window and copy LENGTH bytes to the output. Sliding-window-based schemes can be simplified by numbering the input text characters mod N, in effect creating a circular buffer. The sliding window approach automatically creates the LRU effect which must be done explicitly in LZ78 schemes. Variants of this method apply additional compression to the output of the LZSS compressor, which include a simple variable-length code (LZB), dynamic Huffman coding (LZH), and Shannon-Fano coding (ZIP 1.x), all of which result in a certain degree of improvement over the basic scheme, especially when the data are rather random and the LZSS compressor has little effect. An algorithm was developed which combines the ideas behind LZ77 and LZ78 to produce a hybrid called LZFG. LZFG uses the standard sliding window, but stores the data in a modified trie data structure and produces as output the position of the text in the trie. Since LZFG only inserts complete *phrases* into the dictionary, it should run faster than other LZ77-based compressors. All popular archivers (arj, lha, zip, zoo) are variations on LZ77.
  • lz78 compression — A substitutional compression scheme which works by entering phrases into a dictionary and then, when a reoccurrence of that particular phrase is found, outputting the dictionary index instead of the phrase. Several algorithms are based on this principle, differing mainly in the manner in which they manage the dictionary. The most well-known Lempel-Ziv scheme is Terry Welch's Lempel-Ziv Welch variant of LZ78.
  • mach's principle — the proposition that there is no absolute space and that the inertia and acceleration of a body are determined by all of the matter of the universe.
  • machine learning — The ability of a machine to improve its performance based on previous results.
  • machine readable — of or relating to data encoded on an appropriate medium and in a form suitable for processing by computer.
  • machine-readable — of or relating to data encoded on an appropriate medium and in a form suitable for processing by computer.
  • maclaurin series — a Taylor series in which the reference point is zero.
  • magneto-electric — of or relating to the induction of electric current or electromotive force by means of permanent magnets.
  • magnolia warbler — a black and yellow wood warbler, Dendroica magnolia, of North America.
  • malapportionment — (of a state or other political unit) poorly apportioned, especially divided, organized, or structured in a manner that prevents large sections of a population from having equitable representation in a legislative body.
  • maleic anhydride — a colorless crystalline, unsaturated compound, C 4 H 2 O 3 , that is soluble in acetone and hydrolyzes in water: used in the production of polyester resins, pesticides, and fumaric and tartaric acids.
  • malpighian layer — the deep, germinative layer of the epidermis.
  • managerial staff — staff in positions of management
  • marine biologist — scientist who studies sea life
  • marriage licence — an official document stating that a marriage will be allowed to take place
  • marriage license — permit to marry
  • marsh cinquefoil — a variety of cinquefoil, Potentilla palustris, that grows in marshy areas
  • marxism-leninism — the modification of Marxism by Lenin stressing that imperialism is the highest form of capitalism
  • matthew flinders — Matthew, 1774–1814, English navigator and explorer: surveyed coast of Australia.
  • medical examiner — a physician or other person trained in medicine who is appointed by a city, county, or the like, to perform autopsies on the bodies of persons supposed to have died from unnatural causes and to investigate the cause and circumstances of such deaths.
  • medieval cornish — the Cornish language of the Middle Ages, usually dated from the 14th century to 1600.
  • melodic interval — an intervening period of time: an interval of 50 years.
  • menstrual period — the bleeding from the womb that occurs approximately monthly in nonpregnant women of reproductive age
  • mercantile paper — commercial paper.
  • mercator sailing — sailing according to rhumb lines, which appear as straight lines on a Mercator chart.
  • methyl parathion — a synthetic pesticide, C 8 H 1 0 NO 5 PS, used in the control of mites and various insects, as aphids, boll weevils, and cutworms.
  • mexican fruitfly — a brightly colored fly, Anastrepha ludens, whose larvae are a serious pest chiefly of citrus fruits and mangoes in Mexico, Central America, and southern Texas.
  • mexican hairless — one of a breed of small dogs having no hair except for a tuft on the top of the head and a little fuzz on the lower part of the tail.
  • microcrystalline — minutely crystalline; composed of microscopic crystals.
  • microelectronics — the technology dealing with the design, development, and construction of electronic systems utilizing extremely small elements, especially solid-state devices employing microminiaturization.
  • microencapsulate — (transitive) To embed by means of microencapsulation.
  • middle westerner — the region of the United States bounded on the W by the Rocky Mountains, on the S by the Ohio River and the S extremities of Missouri and Kansas, and on the E, variously, by the Allegheny Mountains, the E border of Ohio, or the E border of Illinois.
  • military science — the study of the causative factors and tactical principles of warfare.
  • mineral charcoal — a fibrous substance resembling charcoal and having a high carbon content, often occurring in thin layers in bituminous coal.
  • mineral deposits — amounts of minerals that occur naturally in particular areas
  • miniature poodle — a breed of poodle, bred to be much smaller than standard poodles
  • minstrel gallery — a gallery in a building meant for use by musicians playing to provide background music or entertainment at a feast or other event
  • missile launcher — system that fires missiles
  • modern icelandic — the Icelandic language since c1550.
  • money laundering — Money laundering is the crime of processing stolen money through a legitimate business or sending it abroad to a foreign bank, to hide the fact that the money was illegally obtained.
  • monoline insurer — insurer who pays the principal and interest on a bond in the event of a default
  • montgomery clift — Montgomery, 1920–66, U.S. actor.
  • montpelier maple — a maple, Acer monspessulanum, that is native to southern Europe and Northwest Africa
  • moulding process — the process of shaping or compacting a material into a frame or mould
  • mountain climber — someone who climbs or walks up mountains
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