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17-letter words containing i, d, e, a, l

  • natural deduction — (logic)   A set of rules expressing how valid proofs may be constructed in predicate logic. In the traditional notation, a horizontal line separates premises (above) from conclusions (below). Vertical ellipsis (dots) stand for a series of applications of the rules. "T" is the constant "true" and "F" is the constant "false" (sometimes written with a LaTeX \perp). "^" is the AND (conjunction) operator, "v" is the inclusive OR (disjunction) operator and "/" is NOT (negation or complement, normally written with a LaTeX \neg). P, Q, P1, P2, etc. stand for propositions such as "Socrates was a man". P[x] is a proposition possibly containing instances of the variable x, e.g. "x can fly". A proof (a sequence of applications of the rules) may be enclosed in a box. A boxed proof produces conclusions that are only valid given the assumptions made inside the box, however, the proof demonstrates certain relationships which are valid outside the box. For example, the box below labelled "Implication introduction" starts by assuming P, which need not be a true proposition so long as it can be used to derive Q. Truth introduction: - T (Truth is free). Binary AND introduction: ----------- | . | . | | . | . | | Q1 | Q2 | ----------- Q1 ^ Q2 (If we can derive both Q1 and Q2 then Q1^Q2 is true). N-ary AND introduction: ---------------- | . | .. | . | | . | .. | . | | Q1 | .. | Qn | ---------------- Q1^..^Qi^..^Qn Other n-ary rules follow the binary versions similarly. Quantified AND introduction: --------- | x . | | . | | Q[x] | --------- For all x . Q[x] (If we can prove Q for arbitrary x then Q is true for all x). Falsity elimination: F - Q (Falsity opens the floodgates). OR elimination: P1 v P2 ----------- | P1 | P2 | | . | . | | . | . | | Q | Q | ----------- Q (Given P1 v P2, if Q follows from both then Q is true). Exists elimination: Exists x . P[x] ----------- | x P[x] | | . | | . | | Q | ----------- Q (If Q follows from P[x] for arbitrary x and such an x exists then Q is true). OR introduction 1: P1 ------- P1 v P2 (If P1 is true then P1 OR anything is true). OR introduction 2: P2 ------- P1 v P2 (If P2 is true then anything OR P2 is true). Similar symmetries apply to ^ rules. Exists introduction: P[a] ------------- Exists x.P[x] (If P is true for "a" then it is true for all x). AND elimination 1: P1 ^ P2 ------- P1 (If P1 and P2 are true then P1 is true). For all elimination: For all x . P[x] ---------------- P[a] (If P is true for all x then it is true for "a"). For all implication introduction: ----------- | x P[x] | | . | | . | | Q[x] | ----------- For all x . P[x] -> Q[x] (If Q follows from P for arbitrary x then Q follows from P for all x). Implication introduction: ----- | P | | . | | . | | Q | ----- P -> Q (If Q follows from P then P implies Q). NOT introduction: ----- | P | | . | | . | | F | ----- / P (If falsity follows from P then P is false). NOT-NOT: //P --- P (If it is not the case that P is not true then P is true). For all implies exists: P[a] For all x . P[x] -> Q[x] ------------------------------- Q[a] (If P is true for given "a" and P implies Q for all x then Q is true for a). Implication elimination, modus ponens: P P -> Q ---------- Q (If P and P implies Q then Q). NOT elimination, contradiction: P /P ------ F (If P is true and P is not true then false is true).
  • newcastle disease — a rapidly spreading virus-induced disease of birds and domestic fowl, as chickens, marked by respiratory difficulty, reduced egg production and, in chicks, paralysis.
  • newfoundland time — a form of civil time observed on the island of Newfoundland, one and one-half hours later than Eastern time and a half hour later than Atlantic time.
  • nial systems ltd. — Distributors of Q'NIAL. Address: Ottawa Canada. Telephone: Canada (613) 234 4188.
  • nightshade family — the plant family Solanaceae, characterized by herbaceous plants, trees, shrubs, and vines having alternate, simple or pinnate leaves, conspicuous flowers, and fruit in the form of a berry or capsule, and including belladonna, eggplant, nightshade, peppers of the genus Capsicum, petunia, potato, tobacco, and tomato.
  • non-biodegradable — capable of decaying through the action of living organisms: biodegradable paper; biodegradable detergent.
  • nondenominational — of or relating to a denomination or denominations.
  • not bat an eyelid — When something surprising or shocking happens, if someone doesn't bat an eyelid in British English, or doesn't bat an eye in American English, they remain calm and do not show any reaction.
  • nuclear radiation — Physics. radiation in the form of elementary particles emitted by an atomic nucleus, as alpha rays or gamma rays, produced by decay of radioactive substances or by nuclear fission.
  • occipital condyle — a protrusion on the occipital bone of the skull that forms a joint with the first cervical vertebra, enabling the head to move relative to the neck.
  • old age pensioner — An old age pensioner is a person who is old enough to receive an pension from their employer or the government.
  • online dictionary — a dictionary that is available on the Internet or World Wide Web and accessed through a Web browser using a computer or a mobile device, primarily by typing a query term into a search box on the site. Online dictionaries like Dictionary.com offer immediate, direct access through large databases to a word's spelling and meanings, plus a host of ancillary information, including its variant spellings, pronunciation, inflected forms, origin, and derived forms, as well as supplementary notes on matters of interest or concern about how the word is used: Some people think online dictionaries will make print dictionaries obsolete.
  • organized militia — a former military organization functioning under both state and federal authority.
  • overhead lighting — lighting which throws light downwards by being situated on the ceiling or having a downward shade, etc
  • painted greenling — a greenling, Oxylebius pictus, inhabiting the Pacific coastal waters of North America, having a whitish body marked with black bands.
  • pan and tilt head — a mounting device on which a camera may be rotated in a horizontal plane (pan) or in a vertical plane (tilt)
  • paradoxical sleep — REM sleep.
  • partially sighted — unable to see properly so that even with corrective aids normal activities are prevented or seriously hindered
  • periodical cicada — seventeen-year locust.
  • peripheral device — peripheral
  • personal distance — personal space.
  • phenylacetic acid — a white crystalline, aromatic acid, C 8 H 8 O 2 , used in the manufacture of penicillin and in perfumes.
  • phenylformic acid — benzoic acid.
  • phumiphon aduldet — (Phumiphon Aduldet; Bhumibol Adulyadej) born 1927, king of Thailand since 1946.
  • physical medicine — the branch of medicine dealing with the diagnosis and treatment of disease and injury by means of physical agents, as manipulation, massage, exercise, heat, or water.
  • physical pendulum — any apparatus consisting of a body of possibly irregular shape allowed to rotate freely about a horizontal axis on which it is pivoted (distinguished from simple pendulum).
  • pillar-and-breast — room-and-pillar.
  • platinic chloride — chloroplatinic acid.
  • polar coordinates — Usually, polar coordinates. one of two coordinates used to locate a point in a plane by the length of its radius vector and the angle this vector makes with the polar axis (polar angle)
  • police department — A police department is an official organization which is responsible for making sure that people obey the law.
  • police procedural — a mystery novel, film, or television drama that deals realistically with police work.
  • polyadenylic acid — a homopolymer of adenylic acid enzymatically added to messenger RNA in eukaryotic cells to inhibit the hydrolytic breakdown of messenger RNA.
  • post-and-rail tea — (in the 19th century) a coarse tea in which floating particles resembled a post-and-rail fence
  • post-depositional — removal from an office or position.
  • postural drainage — a therapy for clearing congested lungs by placing the patient in a position for drainage by gravity, often accompanied by percussion with hollowed hands.
  • potential divider — a resistor or series of resistors connected to a voltage source and used to provide voltages that are fractions of that of the source.
  • prelingually deaf — deaf from birth or having acquired deafness before learning to speak
  • pressure altitude — the altitude for a given pressure in a standard atmosphere, such as that registered by a pressure altimeter.
  • production values — the quality of a media production (such as a film) in regards to elements such as colours, quality, style, etc
  • pseudepigraphical — certain writings (other than the canonical books and the Apocrypha) professing to be Biblical in character.
  • pseudo-biological — pertaining to biology.
  • pseudo-historical — of, pertaining to, treating, or characteristic of history or past events: historical records; historical research.
  • pseudo-moralistic — a person who teaches or inculcates morality.
  • psychoeducational — designating or of psychological methods, as intelligence tests, used in evaluating learning ability
  • pull your head in — be quiet!
  • purely and simply — You use purely and simply to emphasize that the thing you are mentioning is the only thing involved.
  • purple granadilla — the edible fruit of any of several species of passionflower, especially Passiflora edulis (purple granadilla) or P. quadrangularis (giant granadilla)
  • pyroligneous acid — a yellowish, acidic, water-soluble liquid, containing about 10 percent acetic acid, obtained by the destructive distillation of wood: used for smoking meats.
  • qualified success — If you describe something as a qualified success, you mean that it is only partly successful.
  • quattuordecillion — a cardinal number represented in the U.S. by 1 followed by 45 zeros, and in Great Britain by 1 followed by 84 zeros.
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