16-letter words containing e, p, i, s, o
- image processing — (graphics) Computer manipulation of images. Some of the many algorithms used in image processing include convolution (on which many others are based), FFT, DCT, thinning (or skeletonisation), edge detection and contrast enhancement. These are usually implemented in software but may also use special purpose hardware for speed. Image processing contrasts with computer graphics, which is usually more concerned with the generation of artificial images, and visualisation, which attempts to understand (real-world) data by displaying it as an artificial image (e.g. a graph). Image processing is used in image recognition and computer vision. See also Pilot European Image Processing Archive.
- immunocompromise — (medicine) The state of having a compromised immune system.
- immunodepressant — preventing or diminishing the immune response
- immunosuppressed — the inhibition of the normal immune response because of disease, the administration of drugs, or surgery.
- immunosuppressor — (pharmacology) An immunosuppressive agent.
- impact extrusion — an extrusion process in which a slug of cold metal in a shallow die cavity is formed by the action of a rapidly moving punch that forces the metal through the die or back around the punch.
- import surcharge — a tax imposed on all imported goods, adding to any established tariffs
- in lockstep with — progressing at exactly the same speed and in the same direction as other people or things, esp as a matter of course rather than by choice
- in loco parentis — in the place or role of a parent.
- in plain clothes — not wearing a uniform
- in the spotlight — prominently featured
- inauspiciousness — The state, quality, or condition of being inauspicious or unpropitious; unfavorableness.
- incomprehensible — impossible to understand or comprehend; unintelligible.
- incomprehensibly — impossible to understand or comprehend; unintelligible.
- incorrespondence — Lack of correspondence; failure to correspond or match up; disagreement; disproportion.
- indo-europeanist — a linguist specializing in the study, especially the comparative study, of the Indo-European languages.
- inhospitableness — The quality of being inhospitable.
- inmos transputer — transputer
- insurance policy — contract that insures sth
- inter-comparison — the act of comparing.
- intravenous drip — the continuous, slow introduction of a fluid into a vein of the body. Abbreviation: IV.
- introspectionist — observation or examination of one's own mental and emotional state, mental processes, etc.; the act of looking within oneself.
- intussusceptions — Plural form of intussusception.
- irresponsibility — said, done, or characterized by a lack of a sense of responsibility: His refusal to work shows him to be completely irresponsible.
- isle of portland — a rugged limestone peninsula in SW England, in Dorset, connected to the mainland by a narrow isthmus and by Chesil Bank: the lighthouse of Portland Bill lies at the S tip; famous for the quarrying of Portland stone, a fine building material. Pop (town): 12 000 (latest est)
- isopropylbenzene — cumene.
- japanese bobtail — any of a breed of domestic cat, originating in Japan, with a very short, fluffy tail, and a soft, silky coat often in three colors, white, black, and red
- john the baptist — the forerunner and baptizer of Jesus. Matt. 3.
- josquin des prés — Josquin [zhuhs-kan;; French zhaws-kan] /ˈʒʌs kæn;; French ʒɔsˈkɛ̃/ (Show IPA), c1445–1521, Flemish composer.
- josquin des prez — 1440?-1521; Fr. composer
- keep on a string — to have control or a hold over (someone), esp emotionally
- kidney corpuscle — Malpighian corpuscle.
- kleptoparasitism — The parasitic theft of captured prey, nest material, etc. from animals of the same or another species.
- ladies'-eardrops — lady's-earrings.
- league champions — the team that has come top of the league
- learning process — a process of learning
- legal separation — judicial separation.
- leptosporangiate — (of ferns) having each sporangium developing from a single cell, rather than from a group, and normally with specialized explosive spore dispersal
- levallois-perret — a suburb of Paris, in N France, on the Seine.
- level descriptor — one of a set of criteria used to assess the performance of a pupil in a particular subject
- lick one's chops — Usually, chops. the jaw.
- light microscope — microscope (def 1).
- lighthouse point — a city in NW Florida.
- limited-stop bus — a bus which only stops at a small number of predetermined stops, rather than on request
- line composition — type produced on a linecaster
- line of position — a line connecting all the possible positions of a ship or aircraft, as determined by a single observation. Abbreviation: LOP.
- linux user group — (body, operating system) (LUG) Any organisation of Linux users in a local area, university, etc., that offers mutual technical support, companionship with people of similar interests and promotes the use of Linux among computer users generally. LUGs often hold Install Fests for the general public, in which experienced Linux users explain and supervise the installation of Linux on new users' systems.
- liver of sulphur — a mixture of potassium sulphides used as a fungicide and insecticide and in the treatment of skin diseases
- lz77 compression — The first algorithm to use the Lempel-Ziv substitutional compression schemes, proposed in 1977. LZ77 compression keeps track of the last n bytes of data seen, and when a phrase is encountered that has already been seen, it outputs a pair of values corresponding to the position of the phrase in the previously-seen buffer of data, and the length of the phrase. In effect the compressor moves a fixed-size "window" over the data (generally referred to as a "sliding window"), with the position part of the (position, length) pair referring to the position of the phrase within the window. The most commonly used algorithms are derived from the LZSS scheme described by James Storer and Thomas Szymanski in 1982. In this the compressor maintains a window of size N bytes and a "lookahead buffer", the contents of which it tries to find a match for in the window: while (lookAheadBuffer not empty) { get a pointer (position, match) to the longest match in the window for the lookahead buffer; if (length > MINIMUM_MATCH_LENGTH) { output a (position, length) pair; shift the window length characters along; } else { output the first character in the lookahead buffer; shift the window 1 character along; } } Decompression is simple and fast: whenever a (POSITION, LENGTH) pair is encountered, go to that POSITION in the window and copy LENGTH bytes to the output. Sliding-window-based schemes can be simplified by numbering the input text characters mod N, in effect creating a circular buffer. The sliding window approach automatically creates the LRU effect which must be done explicitly in LZ78 schemes. Variants of this method apply additional compression to the output of the LZSS compressor, which include a simple variable-length code (LZB), dynamic Huffman coding (LZH), and Shannon-Fano coding (ZIP 1.x), all of which result in a certain degree of improvement over the basic scheme, especially when the data are rather random and the LZSS compressor has little effect. An algorithm was developed which combines the ideas behind LZ77 and LZ78 to produce a hybrid called LZFG. LZFG uses the standard sliding window, but stores the data in a modified trie data structure and produces as output the position of the text in the trie. Since LZFG only inserts complete *phrases* into the dictionary, it should run faster than other LZ77-based compressors. All popular archivers (arj, lha, zip, zoo) are variations on LZ77.
- lz78 compression — A substitutional compression scheme which works by entering phrases into a dictionary and then, when a reoccurrence of that particular phrase is found, outputting the dictionary index instead of the phrase. Several algorithms are based on this principle, differing mainly in the manner in which they manage the dictionary. The most well-known Lempel-Ziv scheme is Terry Welch's Lempel-Ziv Welch variant of LZ78.