27-letter words containing d, r, e, g, i, o
- a spider's web of something — a tangled arrangement
- analog to digital converter — An analog to digital converter is a device or circuit used to convert an analog signal to a digital signal across a pair of terminals.
- aperture for drilling fluid — An aperture for drilling fluid is an opening for controlling the flow of drilling mud.
- aspect-oriented programming — (programming) (AOP) A style of programming that attempts to abstract out features common to many parts of the code beyond simple functional modules and thereby improve the quality of software. Mechanisms for defining and composing abstractions are essential elements of programming languages. The design style supported by the abstraction mechanisms of most current languages is one of breaking a system down into parameterised components that can be called upon to perform a function. But many systems have properties that don't necessarily align with the system's functional components, such as failure handling, persistence, communication, replication, coordination, memory management, or real-time constraints, and tend to cut across groups of functional components. While they can be thought about and analysed relatively separately from the basic functionality, programming them using current component-oriented languages tends to result in these aspects being spread throughout the code. The source code becomes a tangled mess of instructions for different purposes. This "tangling" phenomenon is at the heart of much needless complexity in existing software systems. A number of researchers have begun working on approaches to this problem that allow programmers to express each of a system's aspects of concern in a separate and natural form, and then automatically combine those separate descriptions into a final executable form. These approaches have been called aspect-oriented programming.
- audio processing technology — (company) (APT) A company that produces codecs based on predictive analysis rather than frequency coding.
- brown and sharpe wire gauge — American Wire Gauge
- charge of the light brigade — a poem (1854) by Tennyson, celebrating the British cavalry attack on the Russian position at Balaklava during the Crimean War.
- constructive solid geometry — (graphics) (CSG) A method used in solid modeling to describe the geometry of complex three-dimensional scenes by applying set operations (union, difference, intersection) to primitive shapes (cuboids, cylinders, prisms, pyramids, spheres and cones). See also CSG-tree.
- control and status register — (hardware) (CSR) A register in most CPUs which stores additional information about the results of machine instructions, e.g. comparisons. It usually consists of several independent flags such as carry, overflow and zero. The CSR is chiefly used to determine the outcome of conditional branch instructions or other forms of conditional execution.
- cosmic microwave background — electromagnetic radiation coming from every direction in the universe, considered the remnant of the big bang and corresponding to the black-body radiation of 3 K, the temperature to which the universe has cooled.
- crude oil refining capacity — The crude oil refining capacity is the amount that is produced in a refinery each day.
- digital express group, inc. — (Digex) The largest Internet provider in the Washington metropolitan area with POPs in Maryland, Virginia, New Jersey, New York and California.
- digital to analog converter — (electronics) (DAC) A device which takes a digital value and outputs a voltage which is proportional to the input value. Typical uses include digital generation of audio signals or conversion of a bitmap image to a signal to drive a CRT.
- dining philosophers problem — (parallel) (DPP) A problem introduced by Dijkstra concerning resource allocation between processes. The DPP is a model and universal method for testing and comparing theories on resource allocation. Dijkstra hoped to use it to help create a layered operating system, by creating a machine which could be consider to be an entirely deterministic automaton. The problem consists of a finite set of processes which share a finite set of resources, each of which can be used by only one process at a time, thus leading to potential deadlock. The DPP visualises this as a number of philosophers sitting round a dining table with a fork between each adjacent pair. Each philosopher may arbitrarily decide to use either the fork to his left or the one to his right but each fork may only be used by one philosopher at a time. Several potential solutions have been considered. Semaphores - a simple, but unfair solution where each resources is a binary semaphore and additional semaphores are used to avoid deadlock and/or starvation. Critical Regions - each processor is protected from interference while it exclusively uses a resource. Monitors - the process waits until all required resources are available then grabs all of them for use. The best solution allows the maximum parallelism for any number of processes (philosophers), by using an array to track the process' current state (i.e. hungry, eating, thinking). This solution maintains an array of semaphores, so hungry philosophers trying to acquire resources can block if the needed forks are busy.
- distinguished service cross — a bronze medal awarded for extraordinary heroism in military action against an armed enemy. Abbreviation: D.S.C.
- distinguished service order — a decoration awarded for distinguished service in action. Abbreviation: D.S.O.
- distributed data processing — a method of organizing data processing that uses a central computer in combination with smaller local computers or terminals, which communicate with the central computer and perhaps with one another.
- electronic data interchange — (application, communications) (EDI) The exchange of standardised document forms between computer systems for business use. EDI is part of electronic commerce. EDI is most often used between different companies ("trading partners") and uses some variation of the ANSI X12 standard (USA) or EDIFACT (UN sponsored global standard).
- entity-relationship diagram — entity-relationship model
- european broadcasting union — a union of 75 broadcasting organisations from 56 (mainly European) countries and which is responsible for the production of programmes such as the Eurovision Song Contest and the FIFA World Cup
- federal republic of germany — official name of Germany.
- german short-haired pointer — one of a German breed of large sporting dogs having a short hard coat, usually liver or liver and white in color, and a docked tail, used as a versatile hunting dog.
- give (or have) a free hand — to give (or have) liberty to act according to one's judgment
- go over like a lead balloon — Chemistry. a heavy, comparatively soft, malleable, bluish-gray metal, sometimes found in its natural state but usually combined as a sulfide, especially in galena. Symbol: Pb; atomic weight: 207.19; atomic number: 82; specific gravity: 11.34 at 20°C.
- hashemite kingdom of jordan — official name of Jordan.
- hypergeometric distribution — a system of probabilities associated with finding a specified number of elements, as 5 white balls, from a given number of elements, as 10 balls, chosen from a set containing 2 kinds of elements of known quantity, as 15 white balls and 20 black balls.
- introgressive-hybridization — the introduction of genes from one species into the gene pool of another species, occurring when matings between the two produce fertile hybrids.
- joint and several guarantee — a legal guarantee undertaken by multiple people in which any one guarantor can be held fully responsible for repaying the whole of the debt despite each guarantor only being partially responsible for that debt
- magnetostrictive delay line — (storage, history) An early storage device that used tensioned wires of nickel alloy carrying longitudinal waves produced and detected electromagnetically. They had better storage behaviour than mercury delay lines.
- memorandum of understanding — a document that describes the general principles of an agreement between parties, but does not amount to a substantive contract
- metallic wood-boring beetle — any of numerous metallic green, blue, copper, or black beetles of the family Buprestidae, the larvae of which bore into the wood of trees.
- network definition language — (NDL) The language used to program the DCP (Data Communications Processor) on Burroughs Large System. Version: NDL II.
- object relational modelling — object relational mapping
- object-oriented programming — (programming) (OOP) The use of a class of programming languages and techniques based on the concept of an "object" which is a data structure (abstract data type) encapsulated with a set of routines, called "methods", which operate on the data. Operations on the data can only be performed via these methods, which are common to all objects that are instances of a particular "class". Thus the interface to objects is well defined, and allows the code implementing the methods to be changed so long as the interface remains the same. Each class is a separate module and has a position in a "class hierarchy". Methods or code in one class can be passed down the hierarchy to a subclass or inherited from a superclass. This is called "inheritance". A procedure call is described as invoking a method on an object (which effectively becomes the procedure's first argument), and may optionally include other arguments. The method name is looked up in the object's class to find out how to perform that operation on the given object. If the method is not defined for the object's class, it is looked for in its superclass and so on up the class hierarchy until it is found or there is no higher superclass. OOP started with SIMULA-67 around 1970 and became all-pervasive with the advent of C++, and later Java. Another popular object-oriented programming language (OOPL) is Smalltalk, a seminal example from Xerox's Palo Alto Research Center (PARC). Others include Ada, Object Pascal, Objective C, DRAGOON, BETA, Emerald, POOL, Eiffel, Self, Oblog, ESP, LOOPS, POLKA, and Python. Other languages, such as Perl and VB, permit, but do not enforce OOP.
- on the understanding (that) — If you agree to do something on the understanding that something else will be done, you do it because you have been told that the other thing will definitely be done.
- open distributed processing — (standard) (ODP) An attempt to standardise an OSI application layer communications architecture. ODP is a natural progression from OSI, broadening the target of standardisation from the point of interconnection to the end system behaviour. The objective of ODP is to enable the construction of distributed systems in a multi-vendor environment through the provision of a general architectural framework that such systems must conform to. One of the cornerstones of this framework is a model of multiple viewpoints which enables different participants to observe a system from a suitable perspective and a suitable level of abstraction.
- orderly marketing agreement — any of various formal arrangements by which the volume of certain imported commodities, as steel or textiles, is voluntarily reduced. Abbreviation: OMA.
- post-viral fatigue syndrome — Post-viral fatigue syndrome is a long-lasting illness that is thought to be caused by a virus. Its symptoms include feeling tired all the time and muscle pain.
- potassium hydrogen tartrate — a colourless or white soluble crystalline salt used in baking powders, soldering fluxes, and laxatives. Formula: KHC4H4O6
- provisional driving licence — a temporary driving licence issued to learner drivers
- public broadcasting service — a network of independent, noncommercial television stations that operate with public and government funding instead of with revenues from advertising. Abbreviation: PBS.
- public service broadcasting — publicly-funded broadcasting
- rough endoplasmic reticulum — a network of tubular membranes within the cytoplasm of the cell, occurring either with a smooth surface (smooth endoplasmic reticulum) or studded with ribosomes (rough endoplasmic reticulum) involved in the transport of materials.
- senile macular degeneration — a type of macular degeneration that is one of the leading causes of blindness in the elderly and in which tiny blood vessels grow into the macula of the retina, obscuring vision. Abbreviation: SMD.
- teach an old dog new tricks — to induce a person of settled habits to adopt new methods or ideas
- thyroid stimulating hormone — thyrotropin. Abbreviation: TSH.
- thyroid-stimulating hormone — thyrotropin. Abbreviation: TSH.
- to fight a rearguard action — if someone is fighting a rearguard action or mounting a rearguard action, they are trying very hard to prevent something from happening, even though it is probably too late for them to succeed
- to give someone a free hand — If someone gives you a free hand, they give you the freedom to use your own judgment and to do exactly as you wish.
- to give your word of honour — to solemnly promise
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