19-letter words containing d, g, l, y
- aggravated burglary — a burglary made more serious by its violent circumstances
- algebraic data type — (programming) (Or "sum of products type") In functional programming, new types can be defined, each of which has one or more constructors. Such a type is known as an algebraic data type. E.g. in Haskell we can define a new type, "Tree": data Tree = Empty | Leaf Int | Node Tree Tree with constructors "Empty", "Leaf" and "Node". The constructors can be used much like functions in that they can be (partially) applied to arguments of the appropriate type. For example, the Leaf constructor has the functional type Int -> Tree. A constructor application cannot be reduced (evaluated) like a function application though since it is already in normal form. Functions which operate on algebraic data types can be defined using pattern matching: depth :: Tree -> Int depth Empty = 0 depth (Leaf n) = 1 depth (Node l r) = 1 + max (depth l) (depth r) The most common algebraic data type is the list which has constructors Nil and Cons, written in Haskell using the special syntax "[]" for Nil and infix ":" for Cons. Special cases of algebraic types are product types (only one constructor) and enumeration types (many constructors with no arguments). Algebraic types are one kind of constructed type (i.e. a type formed by combining other types). An algebraic data type may also be an abstract data type (ADT) if it is exported from a module without its constructors. Objects of such a type can only be manipulated using functions defined in the same module as the type itself. In set theory the equivalent of an algebraic data type is a discriminated union - a set whose elements consist of a tag (equivalent to a constructor) and an object of a type corresponding to the tag (equivalent to the constructor arguments).
- artificial daylight — artificial light having approximately the same spectral characteristics as natural daylight
- cable-stayed bridge — a type of suspension bridge in which the supporting cables are connected directly to the bridge deck without the use of suspenders
- countervailing duty — an extra import duty imposed by a country on certain imports, esp to prevent dumping or to counteract subsidies in the exporting country
- crystallized ginger — sugar-coated ginger
- dancing-lady orchid — any of numerous epiphytic orchids of the genus Oncidium, often grown as houseplants.
- dendrogeomorphology — (geology) the science that uses dendrochronology to study changes to the Earth's surface over time.
- digital photography — the taking or manipulation of photographs that are stored as data files on a computer.
- display advertising — display ads taken collectively.
- dry-bulk cargo ship — a ship that carries an unpackaged dry cargo such as coal or grain; bulk carrier
- electrocardiography — The measurement of electrical activity in the heart and the recording of such activity as a visual trace (on paper or on an oscilloscope screen), using electrodes placed on the skin of the limbs and chest.
- for crying out loud — exasperation
- free alongside quay — (of a shipment of goods) delivered to the quay without charge to the buyer
- godfrey of bouillon — (Duke of Lower Lorraine) 1060?–1100, French leader of the First Crusade 1096–99.
- heavy goods vehicle — a large road vehicle for carrying goods
- judgment by default — a judgment in the plaintiff's favour when the defendant fails to plead or to appear
- lady of the evening — a prostitute.
- learning disability — a disorder, as dyslexia, usually affecting school-age children of normal or above-normal intelligence, characterized by difficulty in understanding or using spoken or written language, and thought to be related to impairment or slowed development of perceptual motor skills.
- level playing field — a state of equality; an equal opportunity.
- longitudinal parity — (storage, communications) An extra byte (or word) appended to a block of data in order to reveal corruption of the data. Bit n of this byte indicates whether there was an even or odd number of "1" bits in bit position n of the bytes in the block. The parity byte is computed by XORing the data bytes in the block. Longitudinal parity allows single bit errors to be detected.
- modulus of rigidity — shear modulus.
- physical addressing — (networking) The low level addressing scheme used on Ethernet. The 48-bit destination Ethernet address in a packet is compared with the receiving node's Ethernet address. Compare IP address.
- piggy-in-the-middle — Piggy-in-the-middle or pig-in-the-middle is a game in which two children throw a ball to each other and a child standing between them tries to catch it.
- priority scheduling — (operating system) Processes scheduling in which the scheduler selects tasks to run based on their priority as opposed to, say, a simple round-robin. Priorities may be static or dynamic. Static priorities are assigned at the time of creation, while dynamic priorities are based on the processes' behaviour while in the system. For example, the scheduler may favour I/O-intensive tasks so that expensive requests can be issued as early as possible. A danger of priority scheduling is starvation, in which processes with lower priorities are not given the opportunity to run. In order to avoid starvation, in preemptive scheduling, the priority of a process is gradually reduced while it is running. Eventually, the priority of the running process will no longer be the highest, and the next process will start running. This method is called aging.
- pseudo-hieroglyphic — noting or pertaining to a script dating from the second millennium b.c. that appears to be syllabic and to represent the Phoenician language and that is inscribed on objects found at Byblos.
- pseudopsychological — of or relating to psychology.
- psychoendocrinology — the study of the relationship between the endocrine system and various symptoms or types of mental illness.
- right-eyed flounder — any of several flatfishes of the family Pleuronectidae, having both eyes on the right side of the head.
- single-line display — a display that presents information in a single line
- sulfureted hydrogen — hydrogen sulfide.
- talleyrand-perigord — Charles Maurice de [sharl moh-rees duh] /ʃarl moʊˈris də/ (Show IPA), Prince de Bénévent [duh bey-ney-vahn] /də beɪ neɪˈvɑ̃/ (Show IPA), 1754–1838, French statesman.
- the almighty dollar — money regarded figuratively as a god, or source of great power
- to hold your tongue — If you hold your tongue, you do not say anything even though you might want to or be expected to, because it is the wrong time to say it.
- to play hard to get — If someone plays hard to get, they pretend not to be interested in another person or in what someone is trying to persuade them to do.
- underground trolley — See under trolley (def 4).
- very large database — (database) (VLDB) A database that can use a Very Large Memory model to keep as much data as possible in physical memory. (Oracle http://oracle.com/platforms/dec/collateral/vlmwp_3.html).
- wade-giles (system) — a system for transliterating Chinese ideograms into the Latin alphabet, in wide use esp. before Pinyin was adopted by the People's Republic of China in 1979
- yellow-dog contract — a contract between a worker and an employer in which, as a condition of employment, the worker agrees not to remain in or join a union.
- yourdon methodology — (programming) The software engineering methodology developed by Edward Yourdon and colleagues in the 1970s and 1980s. "Yourdon methodology" is a generic term for all of the following methodologies: Yourdon/Demarco, Yourdon/Constantine, Coad/Yourdon.
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