30-letter words containing c, l, o, p, i, n
- adenosine cyclic monophosphate — cyclic AMP.
- algebraic manipulation package — (mathematics, tool) (AMP) A symbolic mathematics program written in Modula-2, seen on CompuServe.
- application protocol data unit — (networking) (APDU) A packet of data exchanged between two application programs across a network. This is the highest level view of communication in the OSI seven layer model and a single packet exchanged at this level may actually be transmitted as several packets at a lower layer as well as having extra information (headers) added for routing etc.
- arbitrary precision calculator — (tool) An arbitrary precision C-like calculator. Interpreter version 1.26.4 by David I. Bell <[email protected]>. Ported to Linux.
- carlsbad caverns national park — a national park in SE New Mexico: site of Carlsbad Caverns. 71 sq. mi. (184 sq. km).
- cell space simulation language — (language) (CESSL) A language for simulating cellular space models.
- compulink information exchange — (CIX) A London-based conferencing system, also providing electronic mail, FTP, telnet, IRC, Gopher and web. Includes conferences "archimedes" or "bbc" for users of Acorn computers. E-mail: <[email protected]>. Telephone: +44 (181) 390 8446.
- computational adequacy theorem — This states that for any program (a non-function typed term in the typed lambda-calculus with constants) normal order reduction (outermost first) fails to terminate if and only if the standard semantics of the term is bottom. Moreover, if the reduction of program e1 terminates with some head normal form e2 then the standard semantics of e1 and e2 will be equal. This theorem is significant because it relates the operational notion of a reduction sequence and the denotational semantics of the input and output of a reduction sequence.
- computer telephone integration — (communications) (CTI or "- Telephony -") Enabling computers to know about and control telephony functions such as making and receiving voice, fax and data calls, telephone directory services and caller identification. CTI is used in call centres to link incoming calls to computer software functions such as database look-up of the caller's number, supported by services such as Automatic Number Identification and Dialled Number Identification Service. Application software (middleware) can link personal computers and servers with telephones and/or a PBX. Telephony and software vendors such as AT&T, British Telecom, IBM, Novell, Microsoft and Intel have developed CTI services. The main CTI functions are integrating messaging with databases, word processors etc.; controlling voice, fax, and e-mail messaging systems from a single application program; graphical call control - using a graphical user interface to perform functions such as making and receiving calls, forwarding and conferencing; call and data association - provision of information about the caller from databases or other applications automatically before the call is answered or transferred; speech synthesis and speech recognition; automatic logging of call related information for invoicing purposes or callback. CTI can improve customer service, increase productivity, reduce costs and enhance workflow automation. IBM were one of the first with workable CTI, now sold as "CallPath". Callware's Phonetastic is another middleware product. CTI came out of the 1980s call centre boom, where it linked central servers and IVRs with PBXes to provide call transfer and screen popping. In the 1990s, efforts were made by several vendors, such as IBM, Novell TSAPI and Microsoft TAPI, to provide a version for desktop computers that would allow control of a desktop telephone and assist in hot desking. See also Telephony Application Programming Interface.
- computer telephony integration — Computer Telephone Integration
- corticotropin releasing factor — a hormonelike factor, produced by the hypothalamus, that stimulates the increased release of corticotropin by the pituitary gland in response to stress. Abbreviation: CRF.
- crude oil distillation process — A crude oil distillation process is the process of heating crude oil and passing the vapor through a vessel to separate out different compounds, known as fractions.
- dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane — (organic chemistry) An organochlorine insecticide that is a metabolite of DDT.
- equivalence class partitioning — (testing) A software testing technique that involves identifying a small set of representative input values that invoke as many different input conditions as possible. For example, for binary search the following partitions exist: inputs that do or do not conform to pre-conditions, Inputs where the key element is or is not a member of the array. One can combine these into finer partitions. One can also pick specific conditions of the array, e.g. a single value, even or odd number of elements. One should look at boundary conditions, e.g. inputs where the key element is the first or last element in the array.
- fiber optic interrepeater link — (networking) (FOIRL) An older standard of fiber optic guides used for carrying 10 MBps Ethernet. The maximum length of a segment is 1 km. A FOIRL multiport repeater and transceivers are necessary to carry the signal to multiple devices. The more recent version of Ethernet over fiber optic cables is 10baseFL with a maximum segment length of 2 km.
- godel's incompleteness theorem — the theorem that states that in a formal logical system incorporating the properties of the natural numbers, there exists at least one formula that can be neither proved nor disproved within the system.
- hawaii volcanoes national park — a large national park that includes the active volcanoes Kilauea and Mauna Loa on the island of Hawaii and the extinct crater Haleakala on Maui. 343 sq. mi. (890 sq. km).
- hot swappable routing protocol — (spelling) Incorrect expansion of HSRP - Hot Standby Routing Protocol.
- index of industrial production — (in Britain) an index produced by the Central Statistical Office showing changes in the production of the primary British industries
- interface description language — (IDL) A language designed by Nestor, Lamb and Wulf of CMU in 1981 for describing the data structures passed between parts of an application, to provide a language-independent intermediate representation. It forms part of Richard Snodgrass <[email protected]>'s Scorpion environment development system. Not to be confused with any of the other IDLs. Mailing list: [email protected]
- international geophysical year — the 18-month period from July 1, 1957, to Dec 31, 1958, during which a number of nations agreed to cooperate in a geophysical research programme
- internet open trading protocol — (protocol, business) (IOTP, Formerly "Open Trading Protocol", OTP) A specification that provides an interoperable framework for Internet commerce. It is optimised for the case where the buyer and the merchant do not have a prior acquaintance and is payment system independent. It will be able to encapsulate and support payment systems such as SET, Mondex, CyberCash's CyberCoin, DigiCash's e-cash, GeldKarte, etc. IOTP is able to handle cases where such merchant roles as the shopping site, the payment handler, the deliverer of goods or services, and the provider of customer support are performed by different Internet sites. The IOTP specification is maintained by the IETF Internet Open Trading Protocol (trade) Working Group.
- intertropical convergence zone — the zone of deep convection and heavy rainfall in the tropics, esp along or near the equator
- islamic republic of mauritania — official name of Mauritania.
- java 2 platform, micro edition — (language, programming) (J2ME) Sun's Java platform for consumer devices. J2ME defines Configurations and Profiles for different classes of small memory device, from smart cards to pagers to set-top boxes. It can run on various Java virtual machines including KVM. Related products include PersonalJava and EmbeddedJava. See also the Standard edition J2SE and the Enterprise edition J2EE. (Home (http://javasoft.com/j2me/)}.
- laboratory instrument computer — (computer) (LINC) A computer which was originally designed in 1962 by Wesley Clark, Charles Molnar, Severo Ornstein and others at the Lincoln Laboratory Group, to facilitate scientific research. With its digital logic and stored programs, the LINC is accepted by the IEEE Computer Society to be the World's first interactive personal computer. The machine was developed to fulfil a need for better laboratory tools by doctors and medical researchers. It would supplant the 1958 Average Response Computer, and was designed for individual use. Led by William N. Papian and mainly funded by the National Institute of Health, Wesley Clark designed the logic while Charles Molnar did the engineering. The first LINC was finished in March 1962. In January 1963, the project moved to MIT, and then to Washington University (in St. Louis) in 1964. The LINC had a simple operating system, four "knobs" (which was used like a mouse), a Soroban keyboard (for alpha-numeric data entry), two LINCtape drives and a small CRT display. It originally had one kilobit of core memory, but this was expanded to 2 Kb later. The computer was made out of Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) hardware modules. Over 24 LINC systems had been built before late 1964 when DEC began to sell the LINC commercially. After the introduction of the PDP-8, Dick Clayton at DEC produced a rather frightening hybrid of the LINC and PDP-8 called a LINC-8. This really was not a very satisfactory machine, but it used the new PDP-8 style DEC cards and was cheaper and easier to produce. It still didn't sell that well. In the late 1960s, Clayton brought the design to its pinnacle with the PDP-12, an amazing tour de force of the LINC concept; along with about as seamless a merger as could be done with the PDP-8. This attempted to incorporate TTL logic into the machine. The end of the LINC line had been reached. Due to the success of the LINC-8, Spear, Inc. produced a LINC clone (since the design was in the public domain). The interesting thing about the Spear micro-LINC 300 was that it used MECL II logic. MECL logic was known for its blazing speed (at the time!), but the Spear computer ran at very modest rates. In 1995 the last of the classic LINCs was turned off for the final time after 28 years of service. This LINC had been in use in the Eaton-Peabody Laboratory of Auditory Physiology (EPL) of the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary. On 15 August 1995, it was transferred to the MIT Computer Museum where it was put on display.
- logic for computable functions — (language) (LCF) Part of the Edinburgh proof assistant.
- manufacturer resource planning — (application) (MRP II) A system based on MRP which allows manufacturers to optimise materials, procurement, manufacturing processes, etc., and provide financial and planning reports. In the late 1970s and early 1980s, manufacturers integrated MRP and other manufacturing and business functions. This renaissance is commonly known as Manufacturing Resource Planning (MRP II). According to the American Production and Inventory Control Society, Inc. (APICS), MRP II is a method for the effective planning of all resources of a manufacturing company. Ideally, it addresses operational planning in units, financial planning in dollars, and has a simulation capability to answer "what if" questions. It includes business planning, sales and operations planning, production scheduling, material requirements planning (MRP), capacity requirements planning, and the execution support systems for capacity and material. Output from these systems is integrated with financial reports such as the business plan, purchase commitment report, shipping budget, and inventory projections in dollars. Manufacturing resource planning is a direct outgrowth and extension of closed-loop MRP. See also Enterprise Resource Planning, SAP R/2, R/3, and Baan.
- media gateway control protocol — (communications, protocol) (MGCP) A protocol used within a Voice over IP system. MGCP is an IETF work in progress, it superseded SGCP. MGCP is an internal protocol used within a distributed system that appears to the outside world as a single VoIP gateway. This system is composed of a Call Agent, and a set of gateways, including at least one "media gateway" that performs the conversion of media signals between circuits and packets, and at least one "signalling gateway" when connected to an SS7 controlled network.
- mpeg-2 multi channel extention — (compression, standard, algorithm, file format) (MPEG-2 MC) An extension of MPEG-2 that uses up to 5 channels and about 1200 kbps.
- on-line transaction processing — (database) (OLTP) The processing of transactions by computers in real time.
- packard bell electronics, inc. — (company) A leading US computer vendor. As recently as 29 November 1995 the Wall Street Journal reported that the company was having financial difficulties and that one of its major suppliers of CPUs, Intel, was about to make a large cash loan, so as to prevent loss of a major customer. Packard Bell is a privately held company and the WSJ also reported that NEC has been rumored to have bought a large minority block of shares to help the company stay in business. Its computers are sold in major retail outlets in the USA and are available as a bundled package: desktop or tower 486 CPU, single 3.5 inch floppy disk drive, CD-ROM, sound card, 14 inch colour monitor, and 4-8MB of RAM. 1995 end-of-year prices in Computer Currents magazine (a California Bay Area bi-monthly giveaway publication) are US$1500 (approx. 1000 pounds) for a 486 desktop, with 8MB RAM, 420MB hard disk drive, single 3.5 inch floppy drive, 14 inch colour monitor, 2-speed CD-ROM, and 16-bit sound card. Headquarters: Sacramento, California, USA.
- parallel random-access machine — (parallel) (PRAM) An idealised parallel processor consisting of P processors, unbounded shared memory, and a common clock. Each processor is a random-access machine (RAM) consisting of R registers, a program counter, and a read-only signature register. Each RAM has an identical program, but the RAMs can branch to different parts of the program. The RAMs execute the program synchronously one instruction in one clock cycle. See also pm2.
- pedagogic algorithmic language — ["PAL - A Language for Teaching Programming Linguistics", A. Evans Jr, Proc ACM 23rd Natl Conf, Brandon/Systems Press (1968)].
- persistent functional language — (language, database) (PFL) A functional database language developed by Carol Small at Birkbeck College, London, UK and Alexandra Poulovassilis (now at King's College London). In PFL, functions are defined equationally and bulk data is stored using a special class of functions called selectors. PFL is a lazy language, supports higher-order functions, has a strong polymorphic type inference system, and allows new user-defined data types and values. All functions, types and values persist in a database. Functions can be written which update all aspects of the database: by adding data to selectors, by defining new equations, and by introducing new data types and values. PFL is "semi-referentially transparent", in the sense that whilst updates are referentially opaque and are executed destructively, all evaluation is referentially transparent. Similarly, type checking is "semi-static" in the sense that whilst updates are dynamically type checked at run time, expressions are type checked before they are evaluated and no type errors can occur during their evaluation.
- personal communication network — (networking) (PCN) Any network supporting Personal Communication Service (PCS). Also, sometimes used to refer to the specific implementation (using the GSM-derivative DCS-1800) of initial PCS capabilities in the United Kingdom.
- personal identification number — PIN.
- positive crankcase ventilation — a means of reducing air pollution by directing the fumes from the crankcase of an engine into the intake manifold, so that they will be channeled into the cylinders and burned. Abbreviation: PCV.
- process automation and control — Process automation and control is an industrial system in which processes are controlled and monitored automatically so that only a few people are needed to carry them out.
- quick (or slow) on the uptake — quick (or slow) to understand or comprehend
- saffir-simpson hurricane scale — a chart that categorizes hurricanes according to wind speed and damage-causing potential
- schema representation language — (SRL)
- simple network paging protocol — (protocol) (SNPP) A standard for sending one- and two-way wireless messages to pagers. In its simplest form, SNPP provides a simple way to make a link between the Internet and a Telocator Alphanumeric input Protocol (TAP) paging terminal. SNPP is defined in RFC 1861.
- systems development life cycle — (programming) (SDLC, or "Software...") Any logical process used by a systems analyst to develop or redesign an information system. SDLC includes requirements, design, development, integration, testing, validation, training, user ownership, operations, analysis and maintenance. An SDLC should result in a system that meets or exceeds customer expectations, within time and cost estimates, works effectively and efficiently in the current and planned Information Technology infrastructure, is cheap to maintain and cost-effective to enhance.
- to be as american as apple pie — to be typically American
- trivial file transfer protocol — (networking) (TFTP) A simple file transfer protocol used for down-loading boot code to diskless workstations. TFTP is defined in RFC 1350.
- upright database technology ab — (company) The Swedish company that developed the Mimer SQL database.
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