25-letter words containing c, i, r, u, l
- a false sense of security — If something gives you a false sense of security, it makes you believe that you are safe when you are not.
- american pit bull terrier — one of an American breed of strong, muscular terriers, originally developed in England, with a short, close-lying, stiff coat of any color or combination of colors except solid white.
- arithmetic and logic unit — (processor) (ALU or "mill") The part of the central processing unit which performs operations such as addition, subtraction and multiplication of integers and bit-wise AND, OR, NOT, XOR and other Boolean operations. The CPU's instruction decode logic determines which particular operation the ALU should perform, the source of the operands and the destination of the result. The width in bits of the words which the ALU handles is usually the same as that quoted for the processor as a whole whereas its external busses may be narrower. Floating-point operations are usually done by a separate "floating-point unit". Some processors use the ALU for address calculations (e.g. incrementing the program counter), others have separate logic for this.
- artificial neural network — (artificial intelligence) (ANN, commonly just "neural network" or "neural net") A network of many very simple processors ("units" or "neurons"), each possibly having a (small amount of) local memory. The units are connected by unidirectional communication channels ("connections"), which carry numeric (as opposed to symbolic) data. The units operate only on their local data and on the inputs they receive via the connections. A neural network is a processing device, either an algorithm, or actual hardware, whose design was inspired by the design and functioning of animal brains and components thereof. Most neural networks have some sort of "training" rule whereby the weights of connections are adjusted on the basis of presented patterns. In other words, neural networks "learn" from examples, just like children learn to recognise dogs from examples of dogs, and exhibit some structural capability for generalisation. Neurons are often elementary non-linear signal processors (in the limit they are simple threshold discriminators). Another feature of NNs which distinguishes them from other computing devices is a high degree of interconnection which allows a high degree of parallelism. Further, there is no idle memory containing data and programs, but rather each neuron is pre-programmed and continuously active. The term "neural net" should logically, but in common usage never does, also include biological neural networks, whose elementary structures are far more complicated than the mathematical models used for ANNs. See Aspirin, Hopfield network, McCulloch-Pitts neuron.
- association of lisp users — (body) (ALU) A user group which aims to promote Lisp, help inform and educate Lisp users in general, and help represent Lisp users as a group to the vendors. The ALU holds an annual conference and supports the formation of inter-vendor standards. ALU has international membership and is incorporated in the US. Mailing list: <[email protected]>.
- astronautical engineering — the branch of engineering that deals with the design, development, testing, and production of aircraft and related systems (aeronautical engineering) and of spacecraft, missiles, rocket-propulsion systems, and other equipment operating beyond the earth's atmosphere (astronautical engineering)
- atrial natriuretic factor — any of several peptide hormones that are released by the atria of the heart in response to an abnormal increase in blood volume and that modulate blood pressure and the excretion of sodium, potassium, and water. Abbreviation: ANF.
- australopithecus robustus — an extinct species of large-toothed bipedal hominid that lived in southern Africa c1.5–2 million years ago: formerly classified as the genus Paranthropus.
- capability maturity model — (software) (CMM) The Software Engineering Institute's model of software engineering that specifies five levels of maturity of the processes of a software organisation. CMM offers a framework for evolutionary process improvement. Originally applied to software development (SE-CMM), it has been expanded to cover other areas including Human Resources and Software Acquitition. The levels - focii - and key process areas are: Level 1 Initial - Heroes - None. Level 2 Repeatable - Project Management - Software Project Planning, Software Project Tracking and Oversight, Software Subcontract Management, Software Quality Assurance, Software Configuration Management, Requirements Management. Level 3 Defined - Engineering Process - Organisation Process Focus, Organisation Process Definition, Peer Reviews, Training Program, Inter-group Coordination, Software Product Engineering, Integrated Software Management. Level 4 Managed - Product and Process Quality - Software Quality Management, Quantitative Process Management. Level 5 Optimising - Continuous Improvement - Process Change Management, Technology Change Management, Defect Prevention.
- catholic apostolic church — a nearly extinct English Protestant church established between 1832 and 1835, stressing the imminent coming of the millennium and the reestablishment of the primitive church's ministries.
- cauchy-schwarz inequality — Schwarz inequality (def 2).
- certificate of unruliness — (in Britain) the decision of a juvenile court that a young person on remand is too unmanageable for local-authority care and should be taken into custody
- chorionic villus sampling — a method of diagnosing genetic disorders early in pregnancy by the removal by catheter through the cervix or abdomen of a tiny sample of tissue from the chorionic villi
- circle of least confusion — the smallest cross section in a beam of paraxial rays, lying in the plane of least spherical aberration.
- closed-circuit television — a television system in which signals are transmitted from a television camera to the receivers by cables or telephone links forming a closed circuit, as used in security systems, etc
- colony-stimulating factor — any of a number of substances, secreted by the bone marrow, that cause stem cells to proliferate and differentiate, forming colonies of specific blood cells. Synthetic forms are being tested for their ability to reduce the toxic effects of chemotherapy
- commonwealth of australia — Australia's official title
- computer-aided publishing — desktop publishing. Abbreviation: CAP.
- constant angular velocity — (storage) (CAV) One of the two schemes for controlling the rate of rotation of the disk in a disk drive. Constant angular velocity keeps the rate of rotation constant. This means that the linear velocity of the disk under the head is larger when reading or writing the outer tracks. This in turn implies either a variation in the data rate to and from the heads or the bits per unit length along the track. The alternative, constant linear velocity, requires the rate of rotation of the disk to accelerate and decelerate according to the radial postion of the heads, increasing the energy use and vibration.
- constructional homonymity — the property of a string of morphemes that is susceptible of two or more syntactic analyses, as in Flying planes can be dangerous, planes may be either the object of flying or the subject of can.
- court of general sessions — a local court with general jurisdiction, both civil and criminal.
- creutzfeldt-jakob disease — a fatal slow-developing disease that affects the central nervous system, characterized by mental deterioration and loss of coordination of the limbs. It is thought to be caused by an abnormal prion protein in the brain
- crude oil degassing plant — A crude oil degassing plant is equipment that removes light ends such as methane and butane from crude oil.
- crude oil pyrolysis plant — A crude oil pyrolysis plant is equipment used for converting waste and poor fuel to a better product by pyrolysis (= the use of heat to decompose organic material).
- crude oil splitting tower — A crude oil splitting tower is a vessel into which crude oil enters, at the bottom, and where the different components are obtained by a splitting process, rather than rearranging the molecules.
- culture specific syndrome — a behavioral disturbance in a specific cultural setting that is identified and named by the cultural group itself.
- declaration of bankruptcy — a formal statement made by a company or individual to announce that they are bankrupt
- declaration of indulgence — a royal grant during the reigns of Charles II and James II of England giving Nonconformists and Roman Catholics a measure of religious freedom
- defined contribution plan — A defined contribution plan is a type of pension plan that specifies the annual contribution that the employer will pay on behalf of each plan participant.
- dell computer corporation — (company) One of the biggest US manufacturers of IBM PC compatibles. "From notebooks to networks", their slogan says.
- department of agriculture — the department of the U.S. federal government that institutes and administers all federal programs dealing with agriculture. Abbreviation: USDA.
- domain architecture model — (systems analysis) A set of software architectures generic to a domain that define organising frameworks for constructing new application designs and implementations within the domain, consistent with the domain requirements model.
- double wingback formation — an offensive formation in which two backs line up at opposite ends of the backfield about one yard outside of the ends and about one yard behind the line of scrimmage.
- dual tone multi frequency — (communications) (DTMF, or "touch-tone") A method used by the telephone system to communicate the keys pressed when dialling. Pressing a key on the phone's keypad generates two simultaneous tones, one for the row and one for the column. These are decoded by the exchange to determine which key was pressed.
- electric submersible pump — An electric submersible pump is a downhole pump which is powered by electricity, and used for lifting fluids.
- electroconvulsive therapy — the treatment of certain psychotic conditions by passing an electric current through the brain to induce coma or convulsions
- electronic funds transfer — (application, communications) (EFT, EFTS, - system) Transfer of money initiated through electronic terminal, automated teller machine, computer, telephone, or magnetic tape. In the late 1990s, this increasingly includes transfer initiated via the web. The term also applies to credit card and automated bill payments.
- exhaust gas recirculation — Exhaust gas recirculation is the process of mixing exhaust gas with air taken in to make sure that all fuel is burned before entering the atmosphere.
- functional representation — representation in a governing body on the basis of social class or occupation.
- further education college — (in Britain) an establishment that offers formal education beyond school and which is not a university or polytechnic
- general accounting office — an independent auditing and accounting agency that assists Congress and government departments and agencies and settles claims for the federal government. Abbreviation: GAO.
- general recursion theorem — (mathematics) Cantor's theorem, originally stated for ordinals, which extends inductive proof to recursive construction. The proof is by pasting together "attempts" (partial solutions).
- group-sweeping scheduling — (storage, algorithm) (GSS) A disk scheduling strategy in which requests are served in cycles, in a round-robin manner. To reduce disk arm movements ("seeking"), the set of streams is divided into groups that are served in fixed order. Streams within a group are served according to "SCAN". If all clients are assigned to one group, GSS reduces to SCAN, and if all clients are assigned to separate groups, GSS effectively becomes round-robin scheduling. The service order within one group is not fixed, and a stream may in fact be first in one cycle while last in the next. This variation has to be masked by extra buffering but whereas SCAN requires buffer space for all streams, GSS can reuse the buffer for each group and effect a trade-off between seek optimisation and buffer requirements.
- gunning transceiver logic — (electronics, hardware, integrated circuit, standard) (GTL) A standard for electrical signals in CMOS circuits used to provide higher data transfer speeds with smaller voltage swings [compared with what?]. The GTL signal swings between 0.4 volts and 1.2 volts with a reference voltage of about 0.8 volts. Only a small deviation of 0.4 volts (or thereabouts) from the reference voltage is required to switch between on and off states. Therefore, a GTL signal is said to be a low voltage swing logic signal. Gunning Transceiver Logic has several advantages. The resistive termination of a GTL signal provides a clean signalling environment [what?]. Moreover, the low terminating voltage of 1.2 volts results in reduced voltage drops across the resistive elements. GTL has low power dissipation and can operate at high frequency and causes less electromagnetic interference (EMI).
- harris semiconductor ltd. — (company) Address: Riverside Way, Camberley, Surrey, CU15 3YQ, UK. Telephone: +44 (1276) 686 886. Fax: +44 (1276) 682 323.
- have no/little truck with — If you say that you will have no truck with someone or something, you are refusing to be involved with them in any way.
- health insurance exchange — A health insurance exchange is a set of health care plans in the U.S. from which people may purchase insurance that is eligible for federal subsidies.
- hospitalization insurance — insurance to cover, in whole or in part, the hospital bills of a subscriber or of his or her dependents.
- human embryonic stem cell — a stem cell obtained from the blastocyst of a human embryo
- hydrogen sulfide scrubber — A hydrogen sulfide scrubber is a device for the chemical removal of hydrogen sulfide.
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