25-letter words containing a, u, r, i, c
- a false sense of security — If something gives you a false sense of security, it makes you believe that you are safe when you are not.
- american pit bull terrier — one of an American breed of strong, muscular terriers, originally developed in England, with a short, close-lying, stiff coat of any color or combination of colors except solid white.
- aristarchus of samothrace — ?220–?150 bc, Greek scholar: librarian at Alexandria, noted for his edition of Homer
- arithmetic and logic unit — (processor) (ALU or "mill") The part of the central processing unit which performs operations such as addition, subtraction and multiplication of integers and bit-wise AND, OR, NOT, XOR and other Boolean operations. The CPU's instruction decode logic determines which particular operation the ALU should perform, the source of the operands and the destination of the result. The width in bits of the words which the ALU handles is usually the same as that quoted for the processor as a whole whereas its external busses may be narrower. Floating-point operations are usually done by a separate "floating-point unit". Some processors use the ALU for address calculations (e.g. incrementing the program counter), others have separate logic for this.
- artificial neural network — (artificial intelligence) (ANN, commonly just "neural network" or "neural net") A network of many very simple processors ("units" or "neurons"), each possibly having a (small amount of) local memory. The units are connected by unidirectional communication channels ("connections"), which carry numeric (as opposed to symbolic) data. The units operate only on their local data and on the inputs they receive via the connections. A neural network is a processing device, either an algorithm, or actual hardware, whose design was inspired by the design and functioning of animal brains and components thereof. Most neural networks have some sort of "training" rule whereby the weights of connections are adjusted on the basis of presented patterns. In other words, neural networks "learn" from examples, just like children learn to recognise dogs from examples of dogs, and exhibit some structural capability for generalisation. Neurons are often elementary non-linear signal processors (in the limit they are simple threshold discriminators). Another feature of NNs which distinguishes them from other computing devices is a high degree of interconnection which allows a high degree of parallelism. Further, there is no idle memory containing data and programs, but rather each neuron is pre-programmed and continuously active. The term "neural net" should logically, but in common usage never does, also include biological neural networks, whose elementary structures are far more complicated than the mathematical models used for ANNs. See Aspirin, Hopfield network, McCulloch-Pitts neuron.
- association for computing — (body) (ACM, before 1997 - "Association for Computing Machinery") The largest and oldest international scientific and educational computer society in the industry. Founded in 1947, only a year after the unveiling of ENIAC, ACM was established by mathematicians and electrical engineers to advance the science and application of Information Technology. John Mauchly, co-inventor of the ENIAC, was one of ACM's founders. Since its inception ACM has provided its members and the world of computer science a forum for the sharing of knowledge on developments and achievements necessary to the fruitful interchange of ideas. ACM has 90,000 members - educators, researchers, practitioners, managers, and engineers - who drive the Association's major programs and services - publications, special interest groups, chapters, conferences, awards, and special activities. The ACM Press publishes journals (notably CACM), book series, conference proceedings, CD-ROM, hypertext, video, and specialized publications such as curricula recommendations and self-assessment procedures.
- association of lisp users — (body) (ALU) A user group which aims to promote Lisp, help inform and educate Lisp users in general, and help represent Lisp users as a group to the vendors. The ALU holds an annual conference and supports the formation of inter-vendor standards. ALU has international membership and is incorporated in the US. Mailing list: <[email protected]>.
- astronautical engineering — the branch of engineering that deals with the design, development, testing, and production of aircraft and related systems (aeronautical engineering) and of spacecraft, missiles, rocket-propulsion systems, and other equipment operating beyond the earth's atmosphere (astronautical engineering)
- asynchronous transmission — electronic communication between digital devices, as two separate computers that run at different speeds, that requires start and stop bits for each character transmitted.
- atrial natriuretic factor — any of several peptide hormones that are released by the atria of the heart in response to an abnormal increase in blood volume and that modulate blood pressure and the excretion of sodium, potassium, and water. Abbreviation: ANF.
- attachment unit interface — (networking) (AUI) The part of the IEEE Ethernet standard located between the MAC, and the MAU. The AUI is a transceiver cable that provides a path between a node's Ethernet interface and the MAU.
- attenuating circumstances — circumstances that may be considered to lessen the culpability of an offender
- australopithecus robustus — an extinct species of large-toothed bipedal hominid that lived in southern Africa c1.5–2 million years ago: formerly classified as the genus Paranthropus.
- automatic data processing — ADP.
- automatic network routing — (protocol) (ANR) A source routing protocol used to route LU6.2 session and control traffic from node to node through a High Performance Routing network or subnet. ANR operates at the lower end of the SNA Path Control layer.
- basic programming support — (operating system, tool) (BPS, colloquially: Barely Programming Support) A suite of utility routines from IBM to perform very simple procedures like formatting a disk or labelling a tape. BPS was only available on punched cards.
- british union of fascists — the British fascist party founded by Sir Oswald Mosley (1932), which advocated a strong corporate state and promoted anti-Semitism
- brute force and ignorance — (jargon) (BFI) A popular design technique at many software houses - brute force coding unrelieved by any knowledge of how problems have been previously solved in elegant ways. Dogmatic adherence to design methods tends to encourage this sort of thing. Characteristic of early larval stage programming; unfortunately, many never outgrow it. Also encountered in the variants BFMI - brute force and massive ignorance, and BFBI - brute force and bloody ignorance. "Gak, they used a bubble sort! That's strictly BFI." Compare bogosity.
- capability maturity model — (software) (CMM) The Software Engineering Institute's model of software engineering that specifies five levels of maturity of the processes of a software organisation. CMM offers a framework for evolutionary process improvement. Originally applied to software development (SE-CMM), it has been expanded to cover other areas including Human Resources and Software Acquitition. The levels - focii - and key process areas are: Level 1 Initial - Heroes - None. Level 2 Repeatable - Project Management - Software Project Planning, Software Project Tracking and Oversight, Software Subcontract Management, Software Quality Assurance, Software Configuration Management, Requirements Management. Level 3 Defined - Engineering Process - Organisation Process Focus, Organisation Process Definition, Peer Reviews, Training Program, Inter-group Coordination, Software Product Engineering, Integrated Software Management. Level 4 Managed - Product and Process Quality - Software Quality Management, Quantitative Process Management. Level 5 Optimising - Continuous Improvement - Process Change Management, Technology Change Management, Defect Prevention.
- catholic apostolic church — a nearly extinct English Protestant church established between 1832 and 1835, stressing the imminent coming of the millennium and the reestablishment of the primitive church's ministries.
- cauchy-schwarz inequality — Schwarz inequality (def 2).
- certificate of unruliness — (in Britain) the decision of a juvenile court that a young person on remand is too unmanageable for local-authority care and should be taken into custody
- chorionic villus sampling — a method of diagnosing genetic disorders early in pregnancy by the removal by catheter through the cervix or abdomen of a tiny sample of tissue from the chorionic villi
- circle of least confusion — the smallest cross section in a beam of paraxial rays, lying in the plane of least spherical aberration.
- co-ordinating conjunction — A co-ordinating conjunction is a word such as 'and', 'or', or 'but' which joins two or more words, groups, or clauses of equal status, for example two main clauses. Compare subordinating conjunction.
- colony-stimulating factor — any of a number of substances, secreted by the bone marrow, that cause stem cells to proliferate and differentiate, forming colonies of specific blood cells. Synthetic forms are being tested for their ability to reduce the toxic effects of chemotherapy
- commissioner of education — (in the US) the head of a state's education department
- commonwealth of australia — Australia's official title
- communication engineering — the branch of engineering that deals with telecommunications and computer programming and networking.
- compensated semiconductor — a semiconductor in which donors and acceptors are related in such a way that their opposing electrical effects are partially cancelled
- computer-aided publishing — desktop publishing. Abbreviation: CAP.
- conductiometric titration — a titration technique in which the end-point is determined by measuring the conductance of the solution
- configuration programming — (programming) An approach that advocates the use of a separate configuration language to specify the coarse-grain structure of programs. Configuration programming is particularly attractive for concurrent, parallel and distributed systems that have inherently complex program structures.
- constant angular velocity — (storage) (CAV) One of the two schemes for controlling the rate of rotation of the disk in a disk drive. Constant angular velocity keeps the rate of rotation constant. This means that the linear velocity of the disk under the head is larger when reading or writing the outer tracks. This in turn implies either a variation in the data rate to and from the heads or the bits per unit length along the track. The alternative, constant linear velocity, requires the rate of rotation of the disk to accelerate and decelerate according to the radial postion of the heads, increasing the energy use and vibration.
- constructional homonymity — the property of a string of morphemes that is susceptible of two or more syntactic analyses, as in Flying planes can be dangerous, planes may be either the object of flying or the subject of can.
- court of general sessions — a local court with general jurisdiction, both civil and criminal.
- creutzfeldt-jakob disease — a fatal slow-developing disease that affects the central nervous system, characterized by mental deterioration and loss of coordination of the limbs. It is thought to be caused by an abnormal prion protein in the brain
- crude oil degassing plant — A crude oil degassing plant is equipment that removes light ends such as methane and butane from crude oil.
- crude oil pyrolysis plant — A crude oil pyrolysis plant is equipment used for converting waste and poor fuel to a better product by pyrolysis (= the use of heat to decompose organic material).
- cut a person down to size — to reduce in importance or decrease the conceit of
- data processing equipment — Data processing equipment is electrically operated equipment that accumulates, processes, and stores data.
- decision support database — A database from which data is extracted and analysed statistically (but not modified) in order to inform business or other decisions. This is in contrast to an operational database which is being continuously updated. For example, a decision support database might provide data to determine the average salary of different types of workers, whereas an operational database containing the same data would be used to calculate pay check amounts. Often, decision support data is extracted from operation databases.
- declaration of bankruptcy — a formal statement made by a company or individual to announce that they are bankrupt
- declaration of indulgence — a royal grant during the reigns of Charles II and James II of England giving Nonconformists and Roman Catholics a measure of religious freedom
- decreasing term insurance — Decreasing term insurance is life insurance with the amount of coverage decreasing over the term of the policy and a lump sum payment if you die in advance.
- defined contribution plan — A defined contribution plan is a type of pension plan that specifies the annual contribution that the employer will pay on behalf of each plan participant.
- dell computer corporation — (company) One of the biggest US manufacturers of IBM PC compatibles. "From notebooks to networks", their slogan says.
- democratic unionist party — a Northern Irish political party, founded by Ian Paisley in 1971, advocating the maintenance of union with the UK
- department of agriculture — the department of the U.S. federal government that institutes and administers all federal programs dealing with agriculture. Abbreviation: USDA.
- disappear without a trace — If you say that someone or something disappears without a trace, you mean that they stop existing or stop being successful very suddenly and completely.
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