19-letter words containing a, p, l, y
- abnormal psychology — the study of behaviour patterns that diverge widely from generally accepted norms, esp those of a pathological nature
- accompanying letter — a letter that comes with another document or enclosure
- ad-hoc polymorphism — overloading
- alcoholic psychosis — any of a group of major mental disorders, as delirium tremens, Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, and hallucinosis, associated with organic brain injury due to alcohol.
- algebraic data type — (programming) (Or "sum of products type") In functional programming, new types can be defined, each of which has one or more constructors. Such a type is known as an algebraic data type. E.g. in Haskell we can define a new type, "Tree": data Tree = Empty | Leaf Int | Node Tree Tree with constructors "Empty", "Leaf" and "Node". The constructors can be used much like functions in that they can be (partially) applied to arguments of the appropriate type. For example, the Leaf constructor has the functional type Int -> Tree. A constructor application cannot be reduced (evaluated) like a function application though since it is already in normal form. Functions which operate on algebraic data types can be defined using pattern matching: depth :: Tree -> Int depth Empty = 0 depth (Leaf n) = 1 depth (Node l r) = 1 + max (depth l) (depth r) The most common algebraic data type is the list which has constructors Nil and Cons, written in Haskell using the special syntax "[]" for Nil and infix ":" for Cons. Special cases of algebraic types are product types (only one constructor) and enumeration types (many constructors with no arguments). Algebraic types are one kind of constructed type (i.e. a type formed by combining other types). An algebraic data type may also be an abstract data type (ADT) if it is exported from a module without its constructors. Objects of such a type can only be manipulated using functions defined in the same module as the type itself. In set theory the equivalent of an algebraic data type is a discriminated union - a set whose elements consist of a tag (equivalent to a constructor) and an object of a type corresponding to the tag (equivalent to the constructor arguments).
- alternative pathway — the activation of complement by contact with polysaccharides on bacteria, protozoa, or yeast cells: a nonspecific immune response. Compare classical pathway.
- analytic philosophy — a 20th-cent. philosophic movement characterized by its method of analyzing concepts and statements in the light of common experience and ordinary language so as to eliminate confusions of thought and resolve many traditional philosophical problems
- analytic psychology — the system of psychology developed by C. G. Jung as a variant of psychoanalysis
- ancillary equipment — Ancillary equipment is machines and other technical things which are used with the main items of equipment to create a complete system.
- anthropocentrically — regarding the human being as the central fact of the universe.
- anthropomorphically — ascribing human form or attributes to a being or thing not human, especially to a deity.
- apollonius dyscolus — died a.d. c140, Greek grammarian.
- bacteriochlorophyll — a pale blue-gray form of chlorophyll that is unique to the photosynthetic but anaerobic purple bacteria.
- balance of payments — A country's balance of payments is the difference, over a period of time, between the payments it makes to other countries for imports and the payments it receives from other countries for exports.
- balloon angioplasty — angioplasty in which a balloon catheter is moved to a blocked area of a blood vessel where the balloon is inflated to expand or force open the vessel
- balsam woolly aphid — any plant louse of the family Aphididae, characterized by a waxy secretion that appears like a jumbled mass of fine, curly, white cottony or woolly threads, as Eriosoma lanigerum (woolly apple aphid or American blight) and Prociphilus tessellatus (woolly alder aphid)
- beta-naphthyl group — See under naphthyl.
- binocular disparity — the small differences in the positions of the parts of the images falling on each eye that results when each eye views the scene from a slightly different position; these differences make stereoscopic vision possible
- blind carbon (copy) — a carbon copy of a letter sent to someone other than the addressee, with no indication on the original letter that such a copy has been sent
- by leaps and bounds — with unexpectedly rapid progess
- canterbury pilgrims — the pilgrims whose stories are told in Chaucer's Canterbury Tales
- cape york peninsula — large peninsula in NE Australia, part of Queensland, between the Gulf of Carpentaria & the Coral Sea
- champagne lifestyle — a lifestyle involving the enjoyment of luxuries and expensive pleasures
- chemical dependency — addiction to drugs or alcohol.
- chromatographically — With regard to, or by by using chromatography.
- cinematographically — a motion-picture projector.
- clinical psychology — the branch of psychology that studies and treats mental illness and mental retardation
- college-preparatory — preparing a student for academic work at the college level.
- community policeman — a police officer assigned to a particular area
- compact disc player — a machine for playing compact discs
- compact disk player — a device for playing compact disks.
- complementary angle — either of two angles whose sum is 90°
- complementary color — Art. one of a pair of primary or secondary colors opposed to the other member of the pair on a schematic chart or scale (color wheel) as green opposed to red, orange opposed to blue, or violet opposed to yellow. Compare analogous color. the relationship of these pairs of colors perceived as completing or enhancing each other.
- complexity analysis — In sructured program design, a quality-control operation that counts the number of "compares" in the logic implementing a function; a value of less than 10 is considered acceptable.
- complimentary close — the part of a letter that by convention immediately precedes the signature, as “Very truly yours,” “Cordially,” or “Sincerely yours.”.
- compulsory purchase — purchase of a house or other property by a local authority or government department for public use or to make way for development, regardless of whether or not the owner wishes to sell
- conceptualistically — In a conceptualistic sense.
- criminal psychology — study of criminals' minds
- cult of personality — a cult promoting adulation of a living national leader or public figure, as one encouraged by Stalin to extend his power.
- daisy-wheel printer — a type of printer that uses a daisywheel
- deflationary spiral — Geometry. a plane curve generated by a point moving around a fixed point while constantly receding from or approaching it.
- development company — a company that buys land and builds houses, offices, shops, or factories on it, or buys existing buildings and makes them more modern
- digital photography — the taking or manipulation of photographs that are stored as data files on a computer.
- diplomatic immunity — exemption from taxation, searches, arrest, etc., enjoyed by diplomatic officials and their dependent families under international law, and usually on a reciprocal basis.
- disciplinary action — punishment or caution
- display advertising — display ads taken collectively.
- diversional therapy — the structured use of leisure time in recreation and play as a form of or supplement to conventional therapy
- dry-bulk cargo ship — a ship that carries an unpackaged dry cargo such as coal or grain; bulk carrier
- early purple orchid — a Eurasian orchid, Orchis mascula, with purplish-crimson flowers and stems marked with blackish-purple spots
- echoencephalography — a device that employs reflected ultrasonic waves to examine the position of brain structures.
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