24-letter words containing a, l, i, n, g
- a close call/shave/thing — If you describe an event as a close shave, a close thing, or a close call, you mean that an accident or a disaster very nearly happened.
- a gleam in someone's eye — If you say that something is only a gleam in someone's eye at present, you mean that it is only being planned or considered, and has not yet been properly begun.
- a manufacturing language — (language, robotics) (AML) A high-level language developed by IBM in the 1980s for industrial robots.
- a night/out on the tiles — If someone has a night on the tiles or is out on the tiles, they go out in the evening, for example to a bar or a club, and do not return home until very late.
- administrative-law judge — an official of a federal or state agency who hears, weighs, and decides on evidence in administrative proceedings, and makes recommendations for any necessary legal action.
- aeronautical engineering — the branch of engineering concerned with the design, production, and maintenance of aircraft
- agricultural engineering — the branch of engineering involved with the design of farm machinery, with soil management, land development, and mechanization and automation of livestock farming, and with the efficient planting, harvesting, storage, and processing of farm commodities.
- alexandre gustave eiffel — Alexandre Gustave [a-lek-sahn-druh gys-tav] /a lɛkˈsɑ̃ drə güsˈtav/ (Show IPA), 1832–1923, French civil engineer and pioneer aerodynamic researcher.
- alternating bit protocol — (networking) (ABP) A simple data link layer protocol that retransmits lost or corrupted messages. Messages are sent from transmitter A to receiver B. Assume that the channel from A to B is initialised and that there are no messages in transit. Each message contains a data part, a checksum, and a one-bit sequence number, i.e. a value that is 0 or 1. When A sends a message, it sends it continuously, with the same sequence number, until it receives an acknowledgment (ACK) from B that contains the same sequence number. When that happens, A complements (flips) the sequence number and starts transmitting the next message. When B receives a message from A, it checks the checksum. If the message is not corrupted B sends back an ACK with the same sequence number. If it is the first message with that sequence number then it is sent for processing. Subsequent messages with the same sequence bit are simply acknowledged. If the message is corrupted B sends back an negative/error acknowledgment (NAK). This is optional, as A will continue transmitting until it receives the correct ACK. A treats corrupted ACK messages, and NAK messages in the same way. The simplest behaviour is to ignore them all and continue transmitting.
- animal rights campaigner — a person who campaigns for the rights of animals to be protected from exploitation and abuse by humans
- bacillus calmette-guerin — a weakened strain of the tubercle bacillus, Mycobacterium bovis, used in the preparation of BCG vaccine.
- basic multilingual plane — (text, standard) (BMP) The first plane defined in Unicode/ISO 10646, designed to include all scripts in active modern use. The BMP currently includes the Latin, Greek, Cyrillic, Devangari, hiragana, katakana, and Cherokee scripts, among others, and a large body of mathematical, APL-related, and other miscellaneous characters. Most of the Han ideographs in current use are present in the BMP, but due to the large number of ideographs, many were placed in the Supplementary Ideographic Plane.
- be left holding the baby — If you are left holding the baby, you are put in a situation where you are responsible for something, often in an unfair way because other people fail or refuse to take responsibility for it.
- bidouilleurs sans argent — (body) (BSA, French for "Moneyless Hackers") An association which aim is to help computer users who can't afford to buy commercial software. The main purpose of the association is the promotion of free software, and distribution of ex-commercial software. This is clearly an answer to the repressive attitude of the "other" BSA. Among BSA members are Richard Stallman, creator of the GNU project.
- biological magnification — the increasing concentration of toxic substances within each successive link in the food chain.
- biological oxygen demand — biochemical oxygen demand
- black english vernacular — Black English (def 1). Abbreviation: BEV.
- black vernacular english — Black English (def 1). Abbreviation: BEV.
- black-english-vernacular — Also called African American Vernacular English, African American English, Afro-American English, Black English Vernacular, Black Vernacular English.a dialect of American English characterized by pronunciations, syntactic structures, and vocabulary associated with and used by some North American black people and exhibiting a wide variety and range of forms varying in the extent to which they differ from standard English.
- boeuf à la bourguignonne — a casserole of beef, vegetables, herbs, etc, cooked in red wine
- bradley fighting vehicle — a 25-ton, tracked U.S. armored personnel carrier of the 1980s, designed to carry nine soldiers into battle and armed with a 25mm rapid-fire cannon, a machine gun, and an antitank missile launcher.
- browning automatic rifle — an air-cooled, fully automatic rifle capable of firing 200 to 350 rounds per minute. Abbreviation: BAR.
- californian spangled cat — a breed of short-haired cat with a spotted coat, bred in California to resemble a leopard in appearance
- canonical encoding rules — (protocol, standard) (CER) A restricted variant of BER for producing unequivocal transfer syntax for data structures described by ASN.1. Whereas BER gives choices as to how data values may be encoded, CER and DER select just one encoding from those allowed by the basic encoding rules, eliminating all of the options. They are useful when the encodings must be preserved, e.g. in security exchanges. CER and DER differ in the set of restrictions that they place on the encoder. The basic difference between CER and DER is that DER uses definitive length form and CER uses indefinite length form. Documents: ITU-T X.690, ISO 8825-1. See also PER.
- cellular multiprocessing — (architecture, parallel) (CMP) The partitioning of processors into separate computing environments running different operating systems. The term cellular multiprocessing appears to have been coined by Unisys, who are developing a system where computers communicate as clustered machines through a high speed bus, rather than through communication protocols such as TCP/IP. The Unisys system is based on Intel processors, initially the Pentium II Xeon and moving on to the 64-bit Merced processors later in 1999. It will be scalable from four up to 32 processors, which can be clustered or partitioned in various ways. For example a sixteen processor system could be configured as four Windows NT systems (each functioning as a four-processor symmetric multiprocessing system), or an 8-way NT and 8-way Unix system. Supported operating systems will be Windows NT, SCO's Unixware 7.0, Unisys' SVR4 Unix and possibly the OS2200 and MCP-AS mainframe operating systems (with the assistance of Unisys' own dedicated chipset).
- cerebrospinal meningitis — an acute infectious form of meningitis caused by the bacterium Neisseria meningitidis, characterized by high fever, skin rash, delirium, stupor, and sometimes coma
- cog in the machine/wheel — If you describe someone as a cog in a machine or wheel, you mean that they are a small part of a large organization or group.
- compensatory lengthening — the lengthening of a vowel when a following consonant is weakened or lost, as the change from Old English niht [nikht] /nɪxt/ (Show IPA) to night [nahyt] /naɪt/ (Show IPA) with loss of [kh] /x/ (Show IPA) and lengthening of [i] /ɪ/ (Show IPA) to a vowel that eventually became [ahy] /aɪ/ (Show IPA).
- compiler target language — (CTL) The intermediate language used by the ALICE parallel machine.
- computer design language — (language) An ALGOL-like language for computer design.
- congestive heart failure — heart failure characterized by weakness, breathlessness, and abnormal congestion in the circulatory system, esp. in the lungs or lower legs
- cooperative multitasking — (parallel, operating system) A form of multitasking where it is the responsibility of the currently running task to give up the processor to allow other tasks to run. This contrasts with pre-emptive multitasking where the task scheduler periodically suspends the running task and restarts another. Cooperative multitasking requires the programmer to place calls at suitable points in his code to allow his task to be descheduled which is not always easy if there is no obvious top-level main loop or some routines run for a long time. If a task does not allow itself to be descheduled all other tasks on the system will appear to "freeze" and will not respond to user action. The advantage of cooperative multitasking is that the programmer knows where the program will be descheduled and can make sure that this will not cause unwanted interaction with other processes. Under pre-emptive multitasking, the scheduler must ensure that sufficient state for each process is saved and restored that they will not interfere. Thus cooperative multitasking can have lower overheads than pre-emptive multitasking because of the greater control it offers over when a task may be descheduled. Cooperative multitasking is used in RISC OS, Microsoft Windows and Macintosh System 7.
- cost-of-living allowance — an additional payment which takes account of the cost of living
- data definition language — (language, database) (DDL) 1. A language enabling the structure and instances of a database to be defined in a human-, and machine-readable form. See also Data manipulation language (DML). 2. A specification language for databases, based on the entity-relationship model. It is used in the Eli compiler-compiler to manage type definitions.
- decentralized processing — the use of word processing or data processing units in stand-alone or localized situations
- digital switched network — (communications) (DSN) The completely digital version of the PSTN.
- domain-specific language — (language) A machine-processable language whose terms are derived from a domain model and that is used for the definition of components or software architectures supporting that domain. A domain-specific language is often used as input to an application generator.
- educational psychologist — a person trained in educational psychology
- electromagnetic spectrum — the complete range of electromagnetic radiation from the longest radio waves (wavelength 105 metres) to the shortest gamma radiation (wavelength 10–13 metre)
- electronic configuration — the arrangement of electrons in the orbitals of an atom or molecule
- electronic whiteboarding — audiographic teleconferencing
- english springer spaniel — breed of dog
- environmental management — controlled and planned management of the environment
- equivalence partitioning — equivalence class partitioning
- evolutionary programming — (EP) A stochastic optimisation strategy originally conceived by Lawrence J. Fogel in 1960. An initially random population of individuals (trial solutions) is created. Mutations are then applied to each individual to create new individuals. Mutations vary in the severity of their effect on the behaviour of the individual. The new individuals are then compared in a "tournament" to select which should survive to form the new population. EP is similar to a genetic algorithm, but models only the behavioural linkage between parents and their offspring, rather than seeking to emulate specific genetic operators from nature such as the encoding of behaviour in a genome and recombination by genetic crossover. EP is also similar to an evolution strategy (ES) although the two approaches developed independently. In EP, selection is by comparison with a randomly chosen set of other individuals whereas ES typically uses deterministic selection in which the worst individuals are purged from the population.
- face as long as a fiddle — a dismal or gloomy facial expression
- failure-directed testing — (programming) (Or "heuristics testing") Software testing based on the knowledge of the types of errors made in the past that are likely for the system under test.
- fight like kilkenny cats — to fight until both parties are destroyed
- fight or flight reaction — the response of the sympathetic nervous system to a stressful event, preparing the body to fight or flee, associated with the adrenal secretion of epinephrine and characterized by increased heart rate, increased blood flow to the brain and muscles, raised sugar levels, sweaty palms and soles, dilated pupils, and erect hairs.
- fight-or-flight reaction — the response of the sympathetic nervous system to a stressful event, preparing the body to fight or flee, associated with the adrenal secretion of epinephrine and characterized by increased heart rate, increased blood flow to the brain and muscles, raised sugar levels, sweaty palms and soles, dilated pupils, and erect hairs.
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