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17-letter words containing a, l, i, g

  • loggerhead shrike — a common, North American shrike, Lanius ludovicianus, gray above and white below with black wings, tail, and facial mask.
  • logic programming — (artificial intelligence, programming, language)   A declarative, relational style of programming based on first-order logic. The original logic programming language was Prolog. The concept is based on Horn clauses. The programmer writes a "database" of "facts", e.g. wet(water). ("water is wet") and "rules", e.g. mortal(X) :- human(X). ("X is mortal is implied by X is human"). Facts and rules are collectively known as "clauses". The user supplies a "goal" which the system attempts to prove using "resolution" or "backward chaining". This involves matching the current goal against each fact or the left hand side of each rule using "unification". If the goal matches a fact, the goal succeeds; if it matches a rule then the process recurses, taking each sub-goal on the right hand side of the rule as the current goal. If all sub-goals succeed then the rule succeeds. Each time a possible clause is chosen, a "choice point" is created on a stack. If subsequent resolution fails then control eventually returns to the choice point and subsequent clauses are tried. This is known as "backtracking". Clauses may contain logic variables which take on any value necessary to make the fact or the left hand side of the rule match a goal. Unification binds these variables to the corresponding subterms of the goal. Such bindings are associated with the choice point at which the clause was chosen and are undone when backtracking reaches that choice point. The user is informed of the success or failure of his first goal and if it succeeds and contains variables he is told what values of those variables caused it to succeed. He can then ask for alternative solutions.
  • logical operation — Boolean operation.
  • long island sound — an arm of the Atlantic between Connecticut and Long Island. 90 miles (145 km) long.
  • longitudinal wave — a wave in which the direction of displacement is the same as the direction of propagation, as a sound wave.
  • louisiana tanager — western tanager.
  • low-hanging fruit — the fruit that grows low on a tree and is therefore easy to reach
  • luggage insurance — insurance against the loss of luggage while travelling
  • lymphangiographic — Relating to lymphangiography.
  • lyon king of arms — the chief herald of Scotland
  • macro-linguistics — a field of study concerned with language in its broadest sense and including cultural and behavioral features associated with language.
  • magellanic clouds — either of two irregular galactic clusters in the southern heavens that are the nearest independent star system to the Milky Way.
  • magnesium sulfate — a white, water-soluble salt, MgSO 4 , used chiefly in medicine and in the processing of leather and textiles.
  • magnetic monopole — a hypothetical very heavy particle with an isolated magnetic north pole or magnetic south pole.
  • magnetoelasticity — the phenomenon, consisting of a change in magnetic properties, exhibited by a ferromagnetic material to which stress is applied.
  • make light of sth — If you make light of something, you treat it as though it is not serious or important, when in fact it is.
  • make no apologies — If you say that you make no apologies for what you have done, you are emphasizing that you feel that you have done nothing wrong.
  • malagasy republic — former name of Madagascar.
  • malay archipelago — an extensive island group in the Indian and Pacific oceans, SE of Asia, including the Greater and Lesser Sunda Islands, the Moluccas, and the Philippines.
  • management skills — skills regarding the technique, practice, or science of managing a company, business, etc
  • manpower planning — a procedure used in organizations to balance future requirements for all levels of employee with the availability of such employees
  • many-valued logic — the study of logical systems in which the truth-values that a proposition may have are not restricted to two, representing only truth and falsity
  • margaret hamilton — (person)   (born 1936-08-17) A computer scientist, systems engineer and business owner, credited with coining the term software engineering. Margaret Hamilton published over 130 papers, proceedings and reports about the 60 projects and six major programs in which she has been involved. In 1965 she became Director of Software Programming at MIT's Charles Stark Draper Laboratory and Director of the Software Engineering Division of the MIT Instrumentation Laboratory, which developed on-board flight software for the Apollo space program. At NASA, Hamilton pioneered the Apollo on-board guidance software that navigated to and landed on the Moon and formed the basis for software used in later missions. At the time, programming was a hands-on, engineering descipline; computer science and software engineering barely existed. Hamilton produced innovations in system design and software development, enterprise and process modelling, development paradigms, formal systems modelling languages, system-oriented objects for systems modelling and development, automated life-cycle environments, software reliability, software reuse, domain analysis, correctness by built-in language properties, open architecture techniques for robust systems, full life-cycle automation, quality assurance, seamless integration, error detection and recovery, man-machine interface systems, operating systems, end-to-end testing and life-cycle management. She developed concepts of asynchronous software, priority scheduling and Human-in-the-loop decision capability, which became the foundation for modern, ultra-reliable software design. The Apollo 11 moon landing would have aborted when spurious data threatened to overload the computer, but thanks to the innovative asynchronous, priority based scheduling, it eliminated the unnecessary processing and completed the landing successfully. In 1986, she founded Hamilton Technologies, Inc., developed around the Universal Systems Language and her systems and software design paradigm of Development Before the Fact (DBTF).
  • marriage equality — the state of having the same rights and responsibilities of marriage as others, regardless of one's sexual orientation or gender identity.
  • may/might as well — If you say that you might as well do something, or that you may as well do it, you mean that you will do it although you do not have a strong desire to do it and may even feel slightly unwilling to do it.
  • mechanical digger — a machine used for excavation
  • medicochirurgical — pertaining to medicine and surgery.
  • melissopalynology — The study of honey and its composition.
  • memetic algorithm — (algorithm)   A genetic algorithm or evolutionary algorithm which includes a non-genetic local search to improve genotypes. The term comes from the Richard Dawkin's term "meme". One big difference between memes and genes is that memes are processed and possibly improved by the people that hold them - something that cannot happen to genes. It is this advantage that the memetic algorithm has over simple genetic or evolutionary algorithms. These algorithms are useful in solving complex problems, such as the "Travelling Salesman Problem," which involves finding the shortest path through a large number of nodes, or in creating artificial life to test evolutionary theories. Memetic algorithms are one kind of metaheuristic. (07 July 1997)
  • mercantile agency — commercial agency.
  • messier catalogue — a catalogue of 103 nonstellar objects, such as nebulae and galaxies, prepared in 1781–86. An object is referred to by its number in this catalogue, for example the Andromeda Galaxy is referred to as M31
  • methemoglobinemia — (medicine) A form of toxic anemia characterized by the presence of methemoglobin in the blood.
  • michigan bankroll — a large roll of paper money in small denominations.
  • microbiologically — With regard to microbiology.
  • micropaleontology — the branch of paleontology dealing with the study of microscopic fossils.
  • middle low german — Low German of the period c1100–c1500.
  • middle management — the middle echelon of administration in business and industry.
  • middle-age spread — an increase in bulk, especially in the waist and buttocks, associated with the onset of middle age and the body's decreasing ability to metabolize calories efficiently.
  • midsagittal plane — a plane passing through the nasion when the skull is oriented in the Frankfurt horizontal.
  • mikhail gorbachev — Mikhail S(ergeyevich) [mi-kahyl sur-gey-uh-vich,, mi-keyl;; Russian myi-khuh-yeel syir-gye-yi-vyich] /mɪˈkaɪl sɜrˈgeɪ ə vɪtʃ,, mɪˈkeɪl;; Russian myɪ xʌˈyil syɪrˈgyɛ yɪ vyɪtʃ/ (Show IPA), born 1931, Soviet political leader: general secretary of the Communist Party 1985–91; president of the Soviet Union 1988–91; Nobel Peace Prize 1990.
  • mileage allowance — the number of miles allowed to be travelled on a rented vehicle such as a car during the period it is rented or leased
  • mileage indicator — a device on a vehicle such as a car, plane, etc which indicates the number of miles travelled
  • military governor — the military officer in command of a military government.
  • military training — drilling in army discipline and techniques
  • ministering angel — a spirit who is believed to look after the needs of a particular person or group
  • modeling language — modelling language
  • molecular biology — the branch of biology that deals with the nature of biological phenomena at the molecular level through the study of DNA and RNA, proteins, and other macromolecules involved in genetic information and cell function, characteristically making use of advanced tools and techniques of separation, manipulation, imaging, and analysis.
  • mongolian hot pot — a stewlike dish of sliced meat, seafood, and vegetables cooked together in hot broth, often in a clay pot, and seasoned with a hot sauce.
  • motorcycle racing — sport: competing on motorcycles
  • multigenerational — of or relating to several generations, as of a family, or society: a multigenerational novel covering 300 years.
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