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17-letter words containing a, c, i, u, l, r

  • micromanipulators — Plural form of micromanipulator.
  • millennial church — the church of the Shakers.
  • modulo arithmetic — modular arithmetic
  • molecular biology — the branch of biology that deals with the nature of biological phenomena at the molecular level through the study of DNA and RNA, proteins, and other macromolecules involved in genetic information and cell function, characteristically making use of advanced tools and techniques of separation, manipulation, imaging, and analysis.
  • molecular orbital — Physics, Chemistry. a wave function describing the state of a single electron in an atom (atomic orbital) or in a molecule (molecular orbital) the electron in that state.
  • mullerian mimicry — the resemblance in appearance of two or more unpalatable species, which are avoided by predators to a greater degree than any one of the species would be otherwise.
  • multi-directional — extending or operating in several directions at the same time; functioning or going in more than one direction: a multidirectional stereo speaker system.
  • multicollinearity — (statistics) A phenomenon in which two or more predictor variables in a multiple regression model are highly correlated, so that the coefficient estimates may change erratically in response to small changes in the model or data.
  • multidisciplinary — composed of or combining several usually separate branches of learning or fields of expertise: a multidisciplinary study of the 18th century.
  • multiple-unit car — a self-propelled railroad car, generally used in commuting service, equipped so that a train of such cars can be operated from any one of them.
  • muscle dysmorphia — a mental disorder primarily affecting males, characterized by obsessions about a perceived lack of muscularity, leading to compulsive exercising, use of anabolic steroids, etc. Compare body dysmorphic disorder.
  • musical interlude — an interval in a play, event or occasion during which music is played
  • nasolacrimal duct — a membranous canal extending from the lacrimal sac to the nasal cavity, through which tears are discharged into the nose.
  • nathaniel currier — Nathaniel, 1813–88, U.S. lithographer. Compare Ives (def 4).
  • national security — defence of a country
  • natural deduction — (logic)   A set of rules expressing how valid proofs may be constructed in predicate logic. In the traditional notation, a horizontal line separates premises (above) from conclusions (below). Vertical ellipsis (dots) stand for a series of applications of the rules. "T" is the constant "true" and "F" is the constant "false" (sometimes written with a LaTeX \perp). "^" is the AND (conjunction) operator, "v" is the inclusive OR (disjunction) operator and "/" is NOT (negation or complement, normally written with a LaTeX \neg). P, Q, P1, P2, etc. stand for propositions such as "Socrates was a man". P[x] is a proposition possibly containing instances of the variable x, e.g. "x can fly". A proof (a sequence of applications of the rules) may be enclosed in a box. A boxed proof produces conclusions that are only valid given the assumptions made inside the box, however, the proof demonstrates certain relationships which are valid outside the box. For example, the box below labelled "Implication introduction" starts by assuming P, which need not be a true proposition so long as it can be used to derive Q. Truth introduction: - T (Truth is free). Binary AND introduction: ----------- | . | . | | . | . | | Q1 | Q2 | ----------- Q1 ^ Q2 (If we can derive both Q1 and Q2 then Q1^Q2 is true). N-ary AND introduction: ---------------- | . | .. | . | | . | .. | . | | Q1 | .. | Qn | ---------------- Q1^..^Qi^..^Qn Other n-ary rules follow the binary versions similarly. Quantified AND introduction: --------- | x . | | . | | Q[x] | --------- For all x . Q[x] (If we can prove Q for arbitrary x then Q is true for all x). Falsity elimination: F - Q (Falsity opens the floodgates). OR elimination: P1 v P2 ----------- | P1 | P2 | | . | . | | . | . | | Q | Q | ----------- Q (Given P1 v P2, if Q follows from both then Q is true). Exists elimination: Exists x . P[x] ----------- | x P[x] | | . | | . | | Q | ----------- Q (If Q follows from P[x] for arbitrary x and such an x exists then Q is true). OR introduction 1: P1 ------- P1 v P2 (If P1 is true then P1 OR anything is true). OR introduction 2: P2 ------- P1 v P2 (If P2 is true then anything OR P2 is true). Similar symmetries apply to ^ rules. Exists introduction: P[a] ------------- Exists x.P[x] (If P is true for "a" then it is true for all x). AND elimination 1: P1 ^ P2 ------- P1 (If P1 and P2 are true then P1 is true). For all elimination: For all x . P[x] ---------------- P[a] (If P is true for all x then it is true for "a"). For all implication introduction: ----------- | x P[x] | | . | | . | | Q[x] | ----------- For all x . P[x] -> Q[x] (If Q follows from P for arbitrary x then Q follows from P for all x). Implication introduction: ----- | P | | . | | . | | Q | ----- P -> Q (If Q follows from P then P implies Q). NOT introduction: ----- | P | | . | | . | | F | ----- / P (If falsity follows from P then P is false). NOT-NOT: //P --- P (If it is not the case that P is not true then P is true). For all implies exists: P[a] For all x . P[x] -> Q[x] ------------------------------- Q[a] (If P is true for given "a" and P implies Q for all x then Q is true for a). Implication elimination, modus ponens: P P -> Q ---------- Q (If P and P implies Q then Q). NOT elimination, contradiction: P /P ------ F (If P is true and P is not true then false is true).
  • natural harmonics — harmonics of a note produced on a stringed instrument by lightly touching an open or unstopped sounded string.
  • natural hat trick — three goals scored in succession by one player in one game or one period.
  • natural selection — the process by which forms of life having traits that better enable them to adapt to specific environmental pressures, as predators, changes in climate, or competition for food or mates, will tend to survive and reproduce in greater numbers than others of their kind, thus ensuring the perpetuation of those favorable traits in succeeding generations.
  • neurobiologically — In terms of or by means of neurobiology.
  • neuropathological — (medicine) Of, pertaining to, or arising from neuropathology, the pathology of nerve tissue.
  • nicholas bourbaki — the pseudonym of a group of mainly French mathematicians that, since 1939, has been producing a monumental work on advanced mathematics, Eléments de Mathématique
  • non-instructional — the act or practice of instructing or teaching; education.
  • nuclear chemistry — the branch of chemistry concerned with nuclear reactions
  • nuclear isomerism — isomerism (def 2).
  • nuclear radiation — Physics. radiation in the form of elementary particles emitted by an atomic nucleus, as alpha rays or gamma rays, produced by decay of radioactive substances or by nuclear fission.
  • nuclear scientist — a scientist who studies nuclear physics
  • nuclear submarine — undersea vessel powered by atomic energy
  • nuclear-isomerism — Chemistry. the relation of two or more compounds, radicals, or ions that are composed of the same kinds and numbers of atoms but differ from each other in structural arrangement (structural isomerism) as CH 3 OCH 3 and CH 3 CH 2 OH, or in the arrangement of their atoms in space and therefore in one or more properties. Compare optical isomerism, stereoisomerism.
  • numerical control — control of a machine tool, or other device used in a manufacturing process, by a computer, other control circuitry, or recorded digital commands.
  • opportunistically — adhering to a policy of opportunism; practicing opportunism.
  • osculating circle — circle of curvature.
  • palace revolution — a challenge to or overthrow of a sovereign or other leader by members of the ruling family or group.
  • particularization — to make particular.
  • perpetual spinach — a variety of spinach that keeps producing edible leaves
  • phonological rule — an operation in generative phonology that substitutes one sound or class of sounds for another in a phonological derivation.
  • piccadilly circus — a traffic circle and open square in W London, England: theater and amusement center.
  • plastics industry — the industry that makes plastics
  • pluvius insurance — insurance against rain
  • police procedural — a mystery novel, film, or television drama that deals realistically with police work.
  • political refugee — a person who has fled from a homeland because of political persecution.
  • poststructuralism — a variation of structuralism, often seen as a critique, emphasizing plurality of meaning and instability of concepts that structuralism uses to define society, language, etc.
  • pre-qualification — a quality, accomplishment, etc., that fits a person for some function, office, or the like.
  • probability curve — a curve that describes the distribution of probability over the values of a random variable.
  • procurator fiscal — In the Scottish legal system, the procurator fiscal is a public official who puts people on trial.
  • product liability — the responsibility of a manufacturer for injury or loss caused by its product.
  • production values — the quality of a media production (such as a film) in regards to elements such as colours, quality, style, etc
  • prostatic utricle — a small pouch near the prostate gland that opens into the urethra.
  • pseudepigraphical — certain writings (other than the canonical books and the Apocrypha) professing to be Biblical in character.
  • pseudo-historical — of, pertaining to, treating, or characteristic of history or past events: historical records; historical research.
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