23-letter words containing a, b, r, o, t, n
- abstract interpretation — (theory) A partial execution of a program which gains information about its semantics (e.g. control structure, flow of information) without performing all the calculations. Abstract interpretation is typically used by compilers to analyse programs in order to decide whether certain optimisations or transformations are applicable. The objects manipulated by the program (typically values and functions) are represented by points in some domain. Each abstract domain point represents some set of real ("concrete") values. For example, we may take the abstract points "+", "0" and "-" to represent positive, zero and negative numbers and then define an abstract version of the multiplication operator, *#, which operates on abstract values: *# | + 0 - ---|------ + | + 0 - 0 | 0 0 0 - | - 0 + An interpretation is "safe" if the result of the abstract operation is a safe approximation to the abstraction of the concrete result. The meaning of "a safe approximation" depends on how we are using the results of the analysis. If, in our example, we assume that smaller values are safer then the "safety condition" for our interpretation (#) is a# *# b# <= (a * b)# where a# is the abstract version of a etc. In general an interpretation is characterised by the domains used to represent the basic types and the abstract values it assigns to constants (where the constants of a language include primitive functions such as *). The interpretation of constructed types (such as user defined functions, sum types and product types) and expressions can be derived systematically from these basic domains and values. A common use of abstract interpretation is strictness analysis. See also standard interpretation.
- abstract window toolkit — (graphics) (AWT) Java's platform-independent windowing, graphics, and user-interface toolkit. The AWT is part of the Java Foundation Classes (JFC) - the standard API for providing a graphical user interface (GUI) for a Java program. Compare: SWING.
- allowance for bad debts — Allowance for bad debt is a provision made in a company's accounts which recognizes that some debts will not be able to be collected.
- animal liberation front — an animal-rights movement founded in Britain, often using direct action
- anti-vibration mounting — An anti-vibration mounting is a flexible support for an engine that reduces the amount of noise and vibration that passes to the vehicle chassis.
- approbate and reprobate — to accept part of a document and reject those parts unfavourable to one's interests
- atrioventricular bundle — a bundle of specialized muscle fibers regulating the heartbeat by conducting impulses from the right atrium to the ventricles.
- bank-and-turn indicator — a flight instrument that combines a bank indicator and turn indicator in a single unit.
- barrister and solicitor — an attorney who is licensed to prepare cases and argue them in court in the common-law provinces of Canada and in New Zealand and Australia.
- battered child syndrome — the array of physical injuries exhibited by young children who have been beaten repeatedly or otherwise abused by their parents or guardians.
- battered woman syndrome — the array of physical and psychological injuries exhibited by women (battered women or battered wives) who have been beaten repeatedly or otherwise abused by their partners or spouses.
- be meat and drink to sb — If you say something is meat and drink to someone, you mean that they enjoy it very much.
- bellefontaine neighbors — a city in E Missouri.
- bereavement counselling — the provision of advice for bereaved people to help them cope with their grief, sometimes given by charities and support groups
- bet one's bottom dollar — to bet one's last dollar; bet everything one has
- beyond reasonable doubt — if something is proved beyond reasonable doubt, it is legally accepted as being true
- bilinear transformation — Möbius transformation.
- bird-meertens formalism — (theory, programming) (BMF) (Or "Squiggol") A calculus for derivation of functional programs from a specification. It consists of a set of higher-order functions that operate on lists including map, fold, scan, filter, inits, tails, cross product and function composition.
- blood, sweat, and tears — If you refer to something as involving blood, sweat, and tears, you mean that it is a very hard thing to do and requires a lot of effort.
- branch coverage testing — (programming) A test method which aims to ensure that each possible branch from each decision point (e.g. "if" statement) is executed at least once, thus ensuring that all reachable code is executed.
- british and irish lions — a touring rugby union side composed of players invited from England, Scotland, Wales, and Ireland
- business administration — a program of studies at a college or university covering finance, management of personnel, etc., designed to prepare a person for a career in business
- cheyne-stokes breathing — alternating shallow and deep breathing, as in comatose patients
- chi-square distribution — a continuous single-parameter distribution derived as a special case of the gamma distribution and used esp to measure goodness of fit and to test hypotheses and obtain confidence intervals for the variance of a normally distributed variable
- civil aeronautics board — the former federal agency (1938–85) that regulated airline fares and assigned routes. Abbreviation: CAB, C.A.B.
- combinatorial chemistry — the use of chemical methods to generate all possible combinations of chemicals
- communication breakdown — a lack of communication; a failure to exchange information
- computer-based training — Computer-Aided Instruction
- concertgebouw orchestra — an Amsterdam orchestra, established in 1888, that has been independent of the Concertgebouw hall since World War II
- conditional probability — the probability of one event, A, occurring given that another, B, is already known to have occurred: written P(A|B) and equal to P(A and B)|P(B)
- diamondback rattlesnake — either of two large, highly venomous rattlesnakes of the genus Crotalus, having diamond-shaped markings on the back.
- differentiable manifold — a manifold having the property that any two overlapping open sets are homeomorphic to locally Euclidean spaces whose coordinates are related by differentiable functions, a property with wide applications in mathematical physics and differential geometry.
- electronic file cabinet — a device, controlled by software, for the storage and retrieval of information
- embarrassment of riches — If you say that someone has an embarrassment of riches, you mean that they have so many good things that these things are a problem.
- embden-meyerhof pathway — the metabolic reaction sequence in glycolysis by which glucose is converted to pyruvic acid with production of ATP
- fish in troubled waters — any of various cold-blooded, aquatic vertebrates, having gills, commonly fins, and typically an elongated body covered with scales.
- gamma-aminobutyric acid — GABA.
- garbage in, garbage out — (humour) (GIGO) /gi:'goh/ Wilf Hey's maxim expressing the fact that computers, unlike humans, will unquestioningly process nonsensical input data and produce nonsensical output. Of course a properly written program will reject input data that is obviously erroneous but such checking is not always easy to specify and is tedious to write. GIGO is usually said in response to lusers who complain that a program didn't "do the right thing" when given imperfect input or otherwise mistreated in some way. Also commonly used to describe failures in human decision making due to faulty, incomplete, or imprecise data. The expansion "Garbage In, Gospel Out" is an ironic comment on the tendency to put excessive trust in "computerised" data.
- general-obligation bond — a bond issued by a state or city and backed by general tax revenue and the issuer's credit.
- get down to brass tacks — discuss essentials
- give something a rub-up — to smooth or polish something
- horsehair-blight fungus — a fungal parasite, Marasmius equicrinis, that causes a disease of certain tropical plants, especially tea.
- hortense de beauharnais — Beauharnais, Eugénie Hortense de.
- hunchback of notre dame — French Notre Dame de Paris. a novel (1831) by Victor Hugo.
- hypobetalipoproteinemia — (pathology) A low level of betalipoprotein (low-density lipoprotein) in the bloodstream.
- identification bracelet — a bracelet, usually of metal links, having an identification plate for the name of the wearer.
- initial public offering — An initial public offering is the first offering of stock when a company goes public.
- irish christian brother — Brother of the Christian Schools (def 2).
- lock, stock, and barrel — a device for securing a door, gate, lid, drawer, or the like in position when closed, consisting of a bolt or system of bolts propelled and withdrawn by a mechanism operated by a key, dial, etc.
- main distribution frame — (networking) (MDF) The network closet containing the main hub.
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