34-letter words containing p, t, e, r, o, u
- adaptive communication environment — (communications, tool) A C++ wrapper library for communications from the University of California at Irvine.
- adaptive transform acoustic coding — (algorithm) (ATRAC) An audio compression algorithm, introduced by Sony for its Mini Disk, which relies on the masking of low-amplitude frequency components by temporaly adjacent high-amplitude components. ATRAC consists of a three-band subband encoder (0...5.5, 5.5...11, 11...22 kHz) and a MDCT based transformation encoder.
- algebra of communicating processes — (theory) (ACP) Compare CCS.
- armenian soviet socialist republic — a republic of the U.S.S.R.: now Armenia (the country)
- association of american publishers — (body, publication) (AAP) A group engaged in standardisation efforts in document preparation.
- asymmetric digital subscriber loop — Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line
- be charm, success, etc personified — to be very charming, successful, etc
- chechen-ingush autonomous republic — an autonomous republic of the Russian Federation, in Caucasia. 7350 sq. mi. (19,300 sq. km). Capital: Grozny.
- communicating functional processes — (language) (CFP) A parallel functional programming language.
- communicating sequential processes — (language, parallel) (CSP) A notation for concurrency based on synchronous message passing and selective communications designed by Anthony Hoare in 1978. It features cobegin and coend and was a precursor to occam. See also Contextually Communicating Sequential Processes.
- consumer product safety commission — an independent regulatory agency, created in 1972, that protects the public against risk of injury from consumer products. Abbreviation: CPSC.
- continuous system modeling program — (simulation) (CSMP) A program for simulation of dynamics of continuous systems by numerical integration of complex systems of differential equations. CSMP is similar to CSSL.
- control program for microcomputers — (operating system) (CP/M) An early microcomputer operating system written by Gary Kildall of Digital Research for 8080 and Zilog Z80-based 8-bit computers. CP/M was very popular in the late 1970s but was virtually wiped out by MS-DOS after the release of the IBM PC in 1981. Many of CP/M's features and conventions strongly resemble those of early DEC operating systems such as TOPS-10, OS/8, RSTS and RSX-11. CP/M might have been the OS for the IBM PC instead of MS-DOS but Kildall wanted to keep control of his creation and only license it to IBM. Big Blue however wanted to own and control it completely. Kildall spent the day IBM's reps wanted to meet him enjoying the perfect flying weather in his private plane.
- digital signal processing language — (language) (DSPL) A C-derived DSP language.
- distributed component object model — (programming) (DCOM) Microsoft's extension of their Component Object Model (COM) to support objects distributed across a network. DCOM has been submitted to the IETF as a draft standard. Since 1996, it has been part of Windows NT and is also available for Windows 95. Unlike CORBA, which runs on many operating systems, DCOM is currently (Dec 1997) only implemented by Microsoft for Microsoft Windows and by Software AG, under the name "EntireX", for Unix and IBM mainframes. DCOM serves the same purpose as IBM's DSOM protocol. DCOM is broken because it's an object model that has no provisions for inheritance, one of the major reasons for object oriented programming in the first place.
- export credit guarantee department — an agency providing insurance to exporters of British goods and services
- frequency division multiple access — frequency division multiplexing
- georgian soviet socialist republic — a republic of the U.S.S.R.: now Georgia2
- hyperextension-hyperflexion injury — any injury to the neck resulting from a sudden thrusting forwards and snapping back of the unsupported head; whiplash injury
- independent computing architecture — (protocol) (ICA) Citrix's proprietary protocol that allows client desktop computers to run applications on application servers. Originally used between Windows systems, ICA is now also suported on Unix and Macintosh desktops and servers as well as some thin client hardware.
- industrial development certificate — (in Britain) a certificate issued by the Department of the Environment to an industrial organization wishing to build or extend a factory, which has to accompany an application for planning permission
- internet group management protocol — (protocol) (IGMP) An extension to the Internet Protocol, used by IP hosts to report their host group memberships to immediately-neighbouring multicast routers. See also MBONE. Version 1 of IGMP is defined in Appendix 1 of RFC 1112. Version 2 is proposed in RFC 2236.
- joint bi-level image experts group — (algorithm) (JBIG) An experts group of ISO, IEC and ITU-T (JTC1/SC2/WG9 and SGVIII) working to define a compression standard for lossless image coding. Their proposed algorithm features compatible progressive coding and sequential coding and is lossless - the image is unaltered after compression and decompression. JBIG can handle images with from one to 255 bits per pixel. Better compression algorithms exist for more than about eight bits per pixel. With multiple bits per pixel, Gray code can be used to reduce the number of bit changes between adjacent decimal values (e.g. 127 and 128), and thus improve the compression which JBIG does on each bitplane. JBIG uses discrete steps of detail by successively doubling the resolution. The sender computes a number of resolution layers and transmits these starting at the lowest resolution. Resolution reduction uses pixels in the high resolution layer and some already computed low resolution pixels as an index into a lookup table. The contents of this table can be specified by the user. Compatibility between progressive and sequential coding is achieved by dividing an image into stripes. Each stripe is a horizontal bar with a user definable height. Each stripe is separately coded and transmitted, and the user can define in which order stripes, resolutions and bitplanes are intermixed in the coded data. A progressively coded image can be decoded sequentially by decoding each stripe, beginning by the one at the top of the image, to its full resolution, and then proceeding to the next stripe. Progressive decoding can be done by decoding only a specific resolution layer from all stripes. After dividing an image into bitplanes, resolution layers and stripes, eventually a number of small bi-level bitmaps are left to compress. Compression is done using a Q-coder. The Q-coder codes bi-level pixels as symbols using the probability of occurrence of these symbols in a certain context. JBIG defines two kinds of context, one for the lowest resolution layer (the base layer), and one for all other layers (differential layers). Differential layer contexts contain pixels in the layer to be coded, and in the corresponding lower resolution layer. For each combination of pixel values in a context, the probability distribution of black and white pixels can be different. In an all white context, the probability of coding a white pixel will be much greater than that of coding a black pixel. The Q-coder, like Huffman coding, achieves compression by assigning more bits to less probable symbols. The Q-coder can, unlike a Huffman coder, assign one output code bit to more than one input symbol, and thus is able to compress bi-level pixels without explicit clustering, as would be necessary using a Huffman coder. Maximum compression will be achieved when all probabilities (one set for each combination of pixel values in the context) follow the probabilities of the pixels. The Q-coder therefore continuously adapts these probabilities to the symbols it sees. JBIG can be regarded as two combined algorithms: (1) Sending or storing multiple representations of images at different resolutions with no extra storage cost. Differential layer contexts contain pixels in two resolution layers, and so enable the Q-coder to effectively code the difference in information between the two layers, instead of the information contained in every layer. This means that, within a margin of approximately 5%, the number of resolution layers doesn't effect the compression ratio. (2) A very efficient compression algorithm, mainly for use with bi-level images. Compared to CCITT Group 4, JBIG is approximately 10% to 50% better on text and line art, and even better on halftones. JBIG, just like Group 4, gives worse compression in the presence of noise in images. An example application would be browsing through an image database.
- multiple instruction multiple data — Multiple Instruction/Multiple Data
- perpetual motion of the first kind — motion of a hypothetical mechanism that continues indefinitely without any external source of energy. It is impossible in practice because of friction
- present value of future cash flows — The present value of future cash flows is a method of discounting cash that you expect to receive in the future to the value at the current time.
- processor system modeling language — (language) (PSML) A language for simulating computer systems designs, implemented as a preprocessor to SIMSCRIPT.
- put that in your pipe and smoke it — accept that fact if you can
- real-time operating system nucleus — The Real-Time Operating System Nucleus
- routing table maintenance protocol — (protocol) (RTMP) A protocol used by AppleTalk to ensure that all routers on the network have consistent routing information.
- social democratic and labour party — a Northern Irish political party, which advocates peaceful union with the Republic of Ireland
- speak out of turn/talk out of turn — If you speak out of turn or talk out of turn, you say something that you do not have the right or authority to say.
- supercalifragilisticexpialidocious — (used as a nonsense word by children to express approval or to represent the longest word in English.)
- supreme-court-of-the-united-states — Supreme Court of the United States.
- synthesizer specification language — (SSL) A specification language based on term algebra and attribute grammars. SSL is used by the Synthesizer Generator, a generator for language-based editors such as the Cornell Program Synthesizer.
- the exception that proves the rule — If you are making a general statement and you say that something is the exception that proves the rule, you mean that although it seems to contradict your statement, in most other cases your statement will be true.
- to put all your eggs in one basket — If someone puts all their eggs in one basket, they put all their effort or resources into doing one thing so that, if it fails, they have no alternatives left.
- to wash your dirty linen in public — If you say that someone washes their dirty linen in public, you disapprove of their discussing or arguing about unpleasant or private things in front of other people. There are several other forms of this expression, for example wash your dirty laundry in public, or in American English, air your dirty laundry in public.
- turn/beat swords into ploughshares — If you say that swords have been turned into ploughshares or beaten into ploughshares, you mean that a state of conflict between two or more groups of people has ended and a period of peace has begun.
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