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29-letter words containing i, c, e, m, a, n

  • a taste of one's own medicine — an unpleasant experience in retaliation for and by similar methods to an unkind or aggressive act
  • advanced software environment — (programming)   (ASE) An object-oriented application support system from Nixdorf.
  • air material command compiler — (language)   (AIMACO) A modification of FLOW-MATIC. AIMACO was supplanted by COBOL.
  • algorithmic assembly language — (language)   (ALIAS) A machine oriented variant of BLISS. ALIAS was implemented in BCPL for the PDP-9.
  • american expeditionary forces — the troops sent to Europe by the US during World War I
  • antarctic circumpolar current — an ocean current flowing from west to east around Antarctica.
  • antenuptial marriage contract — a contract made between two people before they marry, agreeing on the distribution of their assets in the event of divorce
  • anti-saloon league of america — a national organization, founded in 1893 in Ohio, advocating the prohibition of the manufacture and sale of alcoholic beverages.
  • application program interface — (programming)   (API, or "application programming interface") The interface (calling conventions) by which an application program accesses operating system and other services. An API is defined at source code level and provides a level of abstraction between the application and the kernel (or other privileged utilities) to ensure the portability of the code. An API can also provide an interface between a high level language and lower level utilities and services which were written without consideration for the calling conventions supported by compiled languages. In this case, the API's main task may be the translation of parameter lists from one format to another and the interpretation of call-by-value and call-by-reference arguments in one or both directions.
  • assembly language for multics — (language)   (ALM) The assembly language of the GE-645 in which critical portions of the Multics kernel were written.
  • automatic baud rate detection — (communications)   (ABR, autobaud) A process by which a receiving device determines the speed, code level, and stop bits of incoming data by examining the first character, usually a preselected sign-on character. ABR allows the receiving device to accept data from a variety of transmitting devices operating at different speeds without needing to establish data rates in advance.
  • barycentric coordinate system — a system of coordinates for an n- dimensional Euclidean space in which each point is represented by n constants whose sum is 1 and whose product with a given set of linearly independent points equals the point.
  • brake mean effective pressure — Brake mean effective pressure is a calculation of the engine cylinder pressure that would give the measured brake horsepower.
  • cardiopulmonary resuscitation — an emergency measure to revive a patient whose heart has stopped beating, in which compressions applied with the hands to the patient's chest are alternated with mouth-to-mouth respiration
  • closed-end investment company — an investment company that issues its shares in large blocks at infrequent intervals and is not obligated to redeem or repurchase them.
  • code division multiple access — (communications)   (CDMA) (Or "spread spectrum") A form of multiplexing where the transmitter encodes the signal using a pseudorandom sequence which the receiver also knows and can use to decode the received signal. Each different random sequence corresponds to a different communication channel.
  • comes in all shapes and sizes — If you say that things or people of a certain type come in all shapes and sizes, you mean that there are a large number of them, and that they are often very different from each other.
  • common communication services — (networking, IBM)   (CCS) The standard program interface to networks in IBM's SAA.
  • community correctional center — (in the US) a detention centre
  • compact disc read-only memory — (storage)   (CD-ROM) A non-volatile optical data storage medium using the same physical format as audio compact discs, readable by a computer with a CD-ROM drive. CD-ROM is popular for distribution of large databases, software and especially multimedia applications. The maximum capacity is about 600 megabytes. A CD can store around 640 megabytes of data - about 12 billion bytes per pound weight. CD-ROM drives are rated with a speed factor relative to music CDs (1x or 1-speed which gives a data transfer rate of 150 kilobytes per second). 12x drives were common in April 1997. Above 12x speed, there are problems with vibration and heat. Constant angular velocity (CAV) drives give speeds up to 20x but due to the nature of CAV the actual throughput increase over 12x is less than 20/12. 20x was thought to be the maximum speed due to mechanical constraints but on 1998-02-24, Samsung Electronics introduced the SCR-3230, a 32x CD-ROM drive which uses a ball bearing system to balance the spinning CD-ROM in the drive to reduce noise. CD-ROM drives may connect to an IDE interface, a SCSI interface or a propritary interface, of which there are three - Sony, Panasonic, and Mitsumi. Most CD-ROM drives can also play audio CDs. There are several formats used for CD-ROM data, including Green Book CD-ROM, White Book CD-ROM and Yellow Book CD-ROM. ISO 9660 defines a standard file system, later extended by Joliet. See also Compact Disc Recordable, Digital Versatile Disc.
  • compatible timesharing system — (operating system)   (CTSS) One of the earliest (1963) experiments in the design of interactive time-sharing operating systems. CTSS was ancestral to Multics, Unix, and ITS. It was developed at the MIT Computation Center by a team led by Fernando J. Corbato. CTSS ran on a modified IBM 7094 with a second 32K-word bank of memory, using two 2301 drums for swapping. Remote access was provided to up to 30 users via an IBM 7750 communications controller connected to dial-up modems. The name ITS (Incompatible time-sharing System) was a hack on CTSS, meant both as a joke and to express some basic differences in philosophy about the way I/O services should be presented to user programs.
  • compound a felony (or crime) — to agree, for a bribe or repayment, not to inform about or prosecute for a felony (or crime): it is an illegal act
  • computer conservation society — (body)   (CCS) A british group that aims to promote the conservation and study of historic computers, past and future. The CCS is a co-operative venture between the British Computer Society, the Science Museum of London and the Museum of Science and Industry in Manchester. The CCS was constituted in September 1989 as a Specialist Group of the BCS. A number of active projects and working groups focus on specific computer restorations, early computer technologies and software. Membership is open to anyone interested. See also Bletchley Park.
  • computer programming language — (spelling)   A somewhat redundant term for programming language.
  • confederate states of america — the 11 Southern states (Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Texas, Virginia, Tennessee, Louisiana, and Mississippi) that seceded from the Union in 1861, precipitating a civil war with the North. The Confederacy was defeated in 1865 and the South reincorporated into the US
  • conservation of baryon number — the principle that the total baryon number remains constant in all processes involving the interaction of elementary particles.
  • conservation of lepton number — the principle that the total lepton number remains constant in any process involving elementary particles.
  • conversational monitor system — Virtual Machine/Conversational Monitor System
  • curvilinear coordinate system — a system of coordinates in which the coordinates are determined by three families of surfaces, usually perpendicular.
  • customer interaction software — Customer Relationship Management
  • customer relations department — a department of a company concerned with customer relations
  • cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine — RDX.
  • data communications equipment — Data Communication Equipment
  • defense communications agency — (DCA) Now called Defense Information Systems Agency (DISA).
  • digital equipment corporation — (company, hardware)   (DEC) A computer manufacturer and software vendor. Before the killer micro revolution of the late 1980s, hackerdom was closely symbiotic with DEC's pioneering time-sharing machines. The first of the group of hacker cultures nucleated around the PDP-1 (see TMRC). Subsequently, the PDP-6, PDP-10, PDP-20, PDP-11 and VAX were all foci of large and important hackerdoms and DEC machines long dominated the ARPANET and Internet machine population. The first PC from DEC was a CP/M computer called Rainbow, announced in 1981-82. DEC was the technological leader of the minicomputer era (roughly 1967 to 1987), but its failure to embrace microcomputers and Unix early cost it heavily in profits and prestige after silicon got cheap. However, the microprocessor design tradition owes a heavy debt to the PDP-11 instruction set, and every one of the major general-purpose microcomputer operating systems so far (CP/M, MS-DOS, Unix, OS/2) were either genetically descended from a DEC OS, or incubated on DEC hardware or both. Accordingly, DEC is still regarded with a certain wry affection even among many hackers too young to have grown up on DEC machines. The contrast with IBM is instructive. Quarterly sales $3923M, profits -$1746M (Aug 1994). DEC was taken over by Compaq Computer Corporation in 1998. In 2002 Compaq was in turn acquired by Hewlett-Packard who sold off parts of Digital Equipment Corporation to Intel and absorbed the rest. The Digital logo is no longer used.
  • distributed logic programming — (language)   (DLP) A logic programming language similar to Prolog, combined with parallel object orientation similar to POOL. DLP supports distributed backtracking over the results of a rendezvous between objects. Multi-threaded objects have autonomous activity and may simultaneously evaluate method calls.
  • edinburgh multi access system — (operating system)   (EMAS) One of the first operating systems written in a high-level language (IMProved Mercury autocode), apparently predating Unix.
  • electromagnetic compatibility — (hardware, testing)   (EMC) The extent to which a piece of hardware will tolerate electrical interference from other equipment, and will interfere with other equipment. There are strict legal EMC requirements for the sale of any electrical or electronic hardware in most countries, although the actual standards differ. See, for example, EMCNet. See also Electrostatic Discharge, Radio Frequency Interference.
  • employee stock ownership plan — a programme offered to employees that enables them to buy stocks in the company and thus play a role in its management
  • enhanced small disk interface — (storage, hardware)   (ESDI) An obsolete hard disk controller standard, first introduced by Maxtor in 1983, and intended to be the successor to the original ST-506/ST-412. ESDI was faster and more reliable, but still could not compete with IDE and SCSI. EDSI used two cables: a 20-pin data cable to each drive and a single 34-pin control cable daisy chain with the controller at one end and a terminator at the other. In PCs, it supported up to two drives at 1-2MB/s with drives up to 2GB.
  • esoteric programming language — (language, humour)   (esolang) An intentionally unconventional computer programming language designed not for practical use but, rather, to experiment with weird ideas, to be hard to program in or as a joke.
  • expanded memory specification — (storage)   (EMS) An IBM PC memory paging scheme enabling access to memory other than conventional memory in real mode. In 8086 or 8088 based systems this is the only way to use memory beyond conventional memory. In systems based on 80286 or later, XMS and HMA provide alternative methods. EMS was developed jointly by Lotus, Intel, and Microsoft prior to 1988. Accordingly, this specification is sometimes referred to as LIM EMS. A complete discussion of EMS and programming examples can be found in ["PC System Programming for developers", 1989, ISBN 1-55755-035-2 (Book only) and ISBN 1-55755-036-0 (Book and diskette)]. See also upper memory block.
  • extended memory specification — (storage)   (XMS) The specification describing the use of IBM PC extended memory in real mode for storing data (but not executable code). Memory is made available by extended memory manager (XMM) software. The XMM functions are accessible through interrupt 2FH.
  • extensible firmware interface — (specification)   (EFI) A specification originating from Intel Corporation, defining the interface between an operating system and platform firmware, and aiming to reduce OS dependence on details of the firmware implementation.
  • filesystem hierarchy standard — (storage, standard)   (FHS) A standard designed to be used by Unix distribution developers, package developers, and system implementors. FHS consists of a set of requirements and guidelines for file and directory placement under UNIX-like operating systems. The guidelines are intended to support interoperability of applications, system administration tools, development tools, and scripts. These systems should also be supported with greater documentation uniformity. The standard is primarily intended to be a reference and is not a tutorial on how to manage a Unix filesystem or directory hierarchy.
  • genetically modified organism — genetically modified organism: an organism or microorganism whose genetic material has been altered by means of genetic engineering.
  • geographic information system — (application)   (GIS) A computer system for capturing, storing, checking, integrating, manipulating, analysing and displaying data related to positions on the Earth's surface. Typically, a GIS is used for handling maps of one kind or another. These might be represented as several different layers where each layer holds data about a particular kind of feature (e.g. roads). Each feature is linked to a position on the graphical image of a map. Layers of data are organised to be studied and to perform statistical analysis (i.e. a layer of customer locations could include fields for Name, Address, Contact, Number, Area). Uses are primarily government related, town planning, local authority and public utility management, environmental, resource management, engineering, business, marketing, and distribution.
  • incremental constraint solver — A system in which a constraint solver is given constraints one at a time by an inference engine (as is found in Prolog). The solver adds the new constraint to an initially empty set of solved constraints. If the new constraint is consistent with the solved constraints it will be added to the set. If it was inconsistent, the inference engine backtracks. This is the basis of Constraint Logic Programming.
  • individual retirement account — a savings plan that offers tax advantages to an individual depositor to set aside money for retirement. Abbreviation: IRA.
  • intermedia interchange format — A Standard Hypertext Interchange format from IRIS.

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