32-letter words containing c, o, u, n, t
- advanced communications function — (networking) (ACF) A group of IBM SNA products that provide distributed processing and resource sharing such as VTAM and NCP.
- algebraic specification language — 1. (language) (ASL) 2. (language) (ASF) A language for equational specification of abstract data types.
- alice's adventures in wonderland — a story for children (1865) by Lewis Carroll.
- application control architecture — (programming) (ACA) DEC's implementation of ORB.
- application visualisation system — (tool, graphics) (AVS) A portable, modular, Unix-based graphics package supported by a consortium of vendors including Convex, DEC, IBM, HP, SET Technologies, Stardent and WaveTracer.
- around the clock/round the clock — If something is done around the clock or round the clock, it is done all day and all night without stopping.
- automatische rechenplanfertigung — (language) A programming language published in 1952 by Heinz Rutishauser (1918-70).
- azimuthal equidistant projection — a projection in which the shortest distance between any point and a central point is a straight line, such a line representing a great circle through the central point.
- broadcasting standards authority — a New Zealand Crown Entity that develops and upholds standards of broadcasting for radio and television
- cast one's bread upon the waters — to do good without expectation of advantage or return
- chronic traumatic encephalopathy — a progressive degenerative neurological disease caused by repeated cerebral concussion or milder traumatic brain injury and characterized by memory loss, behavioral disturbances, speech problems, slowed movement, etc. The disease was first identified in boxers. Abbreviation: CTE.
- closed-circuit television camera — a television camera transmitting signals to receivers by cables or telephone links forming a closed circuit, as used in security systems, etc
- community of sovereign republics — a political and economic union formed in 1996 by Russia and Belarus
- complex instruction set computer — (CISC) A processor where each instruction can perform several low-level operations such as memory access, arithmetic operations or address calculations. The term was coined in contrast to Reduced Instruction Set Computer. Before the first RISC processors were designed, many computer architects were trying to bridge the "semantic gap" - to design instruction sets to support high-level languages by providing "high-level" instructions such as procedure call and return, loop instructions such as "decrement and branch if non-zero" and complex addressing modes to allow data structure and array accesses to be compiled into single instructions. While these architectures achieved their aim of allowing high-level language constructs to be expressed in fewer instructions, it was observed that they did not always result in improved performance. For example, on one processor it was discovered that it was possible to improve the performance by NOT using the procedure call instruction but using a sequence of simpler instructions instead. Furthermore, the more complex the instruction set, the greater the overhead of decoding an instruction, both in execution time and silicon area. This is particularly true for processors which used microcode to decode the (macro) instruction. It is easier to debug a complex instruction set implemented in microcode than one whose decoding is "hard-wired" in silicon. Examples of CISC processors are the Motorola 680x0 family and the Intel 80186 through Intel 486 and Pentium.
- computer emergency response team — (security, body) (CERT) An organisation formed by DARPA in November 1988 in response to the Internet worm incident. The CERT charter is to work with the Internet community to help it responf to computer security events involving Internet hosts, to raise awareness of computer security issues and to conduct research targeted at improving the security of existing systems. CERT products and services include 24-hour technical assistance for responding to computer security incidents, product vulnerability assistance, technical documents and tutorials. E-mail: <[email protected]> (incident reports). Telephone +1 (412) 268 7090 (24-hour hotline).
- computer generation incorporated — (company) (CGI) A US software development company and systems integrator. E-mail: Paul G. Smith <[email protected]> Telephone: +1 (404) 705 2800 Address: Bldg. G, 4th Floor, 5775 Peachtree-Dunwoody Rd., Atlanta, GA 30342, USA.
- conservation of angular momentum — the principle that the total angular momentum of a system has constant magnitude and direction if the system is subjected to no external force.
- cumulative distribution function — a function defined on the sample space of a distribution and taking as its value at each point the probability that the random variable has that value or less. The function F(x) = P(X≤x) where X is the random variable, which is the sum or integral of the probability density function of the distribution
- customer relationship management — the practice of building a strong relationship between a business and its customers and potential customers
- democratic-republic-of-the-congo — People's Republic of the, a republic in central Africa, W of the Democratic Republic of the Congo: formerly an overseas territory in French Equatorial Africa; now an independent member of the French Community. 132,046 sq. mi. (341,999 sq. km). Capital: Brazzaville. Formerly French Congo, Middle Congo.
- electronic funds transfer system — electronic funds transfer
- electronics industry association — (body, standard) (EIA) A body which publishes "Recommended Standards" (RS) for physical devices and their means of interfacing. EIA-232 is their standard that defines a computer's serial port, connector pin-outs, and electrical signaling.
- eli compiler construction system — (tool) A compiler generation package which integrates off-the-shelf tools and libraries with specialised language processors to generate complete compilers quickly and reliably. It simplifies the development of new special-purpose languages, implementation of existing languages on new hardware and extension of the constructs and features of existing languages. It runs on Sun-4 SunOS 4, 5, Ultrix/MIPS, RS/6000, HP-UX, SGI, Linux. Mailing list: <[email protected]>. E-mail: <[email protected]>, Developers <[email protected]>, Users <[email protected]>.
- gentleman usher of the black rod — Black Rod (def 1).
- government accountability office — (in the US) a federal agency that ensures that the executive is accountable to Congress, and that the government as a whole is accountable to the country, esp in the way that taxes are spent
- hit/come up against a brick wall — If you hit a brick wall or come up against a brick wall, you are unable to continue or make progress because something stops you.
- in place/into place/out of place — If something is in place, it is in its correct or usual position. If it is out of place, it is not in its correct or usual position.
- indexed sequential access method — (database) (ISAM) An IBM file management system allowing records to be accessed either sequentially (in the order they were entered) or via an index. Each index orders the records on a different key. ISAM was followed by VSAM (Virtual Storage Access Method) and pre-dated relational databases.
- international algebraic language — ALGOL 58
- internet research steering group — (body, standard) (IRSG) The "governing body" of the Internet Research Task Force.
- irvine research unit in software — (body) (IRUS) The University of California, Irvine.
- joint photographic experts group — (image, body, file format, standard) (JPEG) The original name of the committee that designed the standard image compression algorithm. JPEG is designed for compressing either full-colour or grey-scale digital images of "natural", real-world scenes. It does not work so well on non-realistic images, such as cartoons or line drawings. JPEG does not handle compression of black-and-white (1 bit-per-pixel) images or moving pictures. Standards for compressing those types of images are being worked on by other committees, named JBIG and MPEG. See also PJPEG.
- junction field effect transistor — (electronics) (JFET, Junction FET) A Field Effect Transistor in which the conducting channel lies between pn junctions in the silicon material. A pn junction acts as a diode, so it becomes conductive if the gate voltage gets reversed.
- lymphadenopathy-associated virus — See under AIDS virus. Abbreviation: LAV.
- manager of business applications — (job) A person who plans and oversees multiple projects and project managers. He works with the CIO and senior management to determine systems development strategy and standards. He administers the department budget and reviews project managers.
- manufacturers' recommended price — the retail price that a manufacturer recommends for selling their product
- national industrial recovery act — an act of Congress (1933, declared unconstitutional in 1936) that enabled the president and the National Recovery Administration to formulate and execute measures for reducing industrial unemployment. Abbreviation: NIRA, N.I.R.A.
- national insurance contributions — the payments someone makes towards their national insurance, usually taken from their salary by their employer before the salary is paid to the person
- not have much to say for oneself — If you say that someone doesn't have much to say for himself or herself, you mean that they are not speaking very much during a conversation.
- object database management group — Object Data Management Group
- open document interchange format — (standard) (ODIF) Part of the ODA standard.
- password authentication protocol — (networking) (PAP) An authentication scheme used by PPP servers to validate the identity of the originator of the connection. PAP applies a two-way handshaking procedure. After the link is established the originator sends an id-password pair to the server. If authentication succeeds the server sends back an acknowledgement; otherwise it either terminates the connection or gives the originator another chance. PAP is not a strong authentication method. Passwords are sent over the circuit "in the clear" and there is no protection against playback or repeated "trial and error" attacks. The originator is in total control of the frequency and timing of the attempts. Therefore, any server that can use a stronger authentication method, such as CHAP, will offer to negotiate that method prior to PAP. The use of PAP is appropriate, however, if a plaintext password must be available to simulate a login at a remote host. PAP is defined in RFC 1334.
- plesiochronous digital hierarchy — (communications) (PDH) A transmission system for voice communication using plesiochronous synchronisation. PDH is the conventional multiplexing technology for network transmission systems. The transmitter adds dummy information bits to allow multiple channels to be bit interleaved. The receiver discards these bits once the signals have been demultiplexed. PDH combines multiple 2 Mb/s (E1) channels in Europe and 1.544 Mb/s (DS1) channels in the US and Japan. PDH is being replaced by SONET and other SDH (Synchronous Digital Hierarchy) schemes.
- professional liability insurance — Professional liability insurance is insurance for a company or a professional person against claims or financial losses that may occur as a result of their negligence.
- queen mary and westfield college — (QMW) One of the largest of the multi-faculty schools of the University of London. QMW has some 6000 students and over 600 teaching and research staff organised into seven faculties. QMW was one of the first colleges in the University of London to develop fully the course-unit, or modular, approach to degree programmes. Cross faculty courses are encouraged and the physical proximity of all the College buildings is a major factor in enabling students to adopt an interdisciplinary approach to their studies.
- real-time common design language — (language) (RT-CDL) A real-time language for the design of reliable reactive systems.
- reduced instruction set computer — (processor) (RISC) A processor whose design is based on the rapid execution of a sequence of simple instructions rather than on the provision of a large variety of complex instructions (as in a Complex Instruction Set Computer). Features which are generally found in RISC designs are uniform instruction encoding (e.g. the op-code is always in the same bit positions in each instruction which is always one word long), which allows faster decoding; a homogenous register set, allowing any register to be used in any context and simplifying compiler design; and simple addressing modes with more complex modes replaced by sequences of simple arithmetic instructions. Examples of (more or less) RISC processors are the Berkeley RISC, HP-PA, Clipper, i960, AMD 29000, MIPS R2000 and DEC Alpha. IBM's first RISC computer was the RT/PC (IBM 801), they now produce the RISC-based RISC System/6000 and SP/2 lines. Despite Apple Computer's bogus claims for their PowerPC-based Macintoshes, the first RISC processor used in a personal computer was the Advanced RISC Machine (ARM) used in the Acorn Archimedes.
- resource access control facility — (RACF) IBM's large system security product. It originally ran only under MVS but has since been ported to run under VM.
- round the clock/around the clock — If something is done round the clock or around the clock, it is done all day and all night without stopping.
- securities and investments board — (from 1986 to 1997) a British regulatory body that oversaw London's financial markets, each of which has its own self-regulatory organization: replaced by the Financial Services Authority
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